Enterprise Architecture at Work (eBook)

Marc Lankhorst is a senior member of scientific staff at Novay (www.novay.nl) where he leads its Service Architectures expertise group. He has managed the ArchiMate project, a co-operation between several partners from industry and academia, concerned with modelling, visualisation and analysis of enterprise architectures, of which this book is a result. Furthermore, he teaches several courses on architecture at universities and other institutes.

Foreword to the Second Edition 5
Foreword to the First Edition 7
Preface 9
Contents 12
Contributors 18
1 Introduction to Enterprise Architecture 20
1.1 Architecture 20
1.2 Enterprise Architecture 22
1.3 The Architecture Process 24
1.4 Drivers for Enterprise Architecture 25
1.5 Summary 30
2 State of the Art 31
2.1 Enterprise Architecture and Other Governance Instruments 31
2.2 Methods and Frameworks 40
2.3 Description Languages 51
2.4 Service-Oriented Architecture 61
3 Foundations 66
3.1 Getting to Grips with Architectural Complexity 66
3.2 Describing Enterprise Architectures 71
3.3 Pictures, Models, and Semantics 77
3.4 Summary 84
4 Communication of Enterprise Architectures 86
4.1 Introduction 86
4.2 System Development as a Knowledge Transformation Process 88
4.3 Conversation Strategies 94
4.4 Architectural Conversations 97
4.5 Summary 101
5 A Language for Enterprise Modelling 102
5.1 Describing Coherence 103
5.2 Service Orientation and Layering 105
5.3 Three Dimensions of Modelling 106
5.4 Business Layer Concepts 108
5.5 Application Layer Concepts 116
5.6 Technology Layer Concepts 120
5.7 Relations 123
5.8 Language Extension Mechanisms 127
5.9 ArchiMate and TOGAF 129
5.10 Modelling Example 131
5.11 Summary 135
6 Guidelines for Modelling 137
6.1 Introduction 137
6.2 The Modelling Process 139
6.3 Guidelines for Modelling 147
6.4 Readability and Usability of Models 160
6.5 Summary 168
7 Viewpoints and Visualisation 169
7.1 Architecture Viewpoints 169
7.2 Models, Views and Visualisations 174
7.3 Visualisation and Interaction 179
7.4 Creating, Selecting, and Using Viewpoints 183
7.5 Basic Design Viewpoints 192
7.6 ArchiMate and TOGAF Views 210
7.7 Summary 213
8 Architecture Analysis 214
8.1 Analysis Techniques 214
8.2 Quantitative Analysis 216
8.3 Functional Analysis 232
8.4 Summary 244
9 Architecture Alignment 246
9.1 Introduction 246
9.2 The GRAAL Alignment Framework 247
9.3 Alignment Phenomena 253
9.4 The Architecture Process 265
9.5 Summary 269
10 Tool Support 271
10.1 Reasons for Enterprise Architecture Tooling 271
10.2 The Architecture Tool Landscape 272
10.3 Tool Infrastructure 273
10.4 Workbench for Enterprise Architecture 275
10.5 View Designer Tool 281
10.6 Impact-of-Change Analysis Tool 290
10.7 Quantitative Analysis Tool 293
10.8 Commercial Tool Support for ArchiMate 294
10.9 Summary 295
11 Case Studies 297
11.1 Process and Application Visualisation at ABP 297
11.2 Application Visualisation at ABN AMRO 308
11.3 Design and Analysis at the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration 319
11.4 Summary 332
12 Beyond Enterprise Architecture 333
12.1 The World Before Enterprise Architecture 333
12.2 The Advent of Enterprise Architecture 335
12.3 The Extended Enterprise 336
Appendix A – Language Metamodel 340
Appendix B – Graphical Notation 341
Appendix C – Relations 342
About the Author 343
References 344
Trademarks 355
Index 356