Mobile Wireless Middleware (eBook)

Title Page 2
Preface 5
Organization 7
Table of Contents 8
A Base Solution for Exposing IMS Telecommunication Services to Web 2.0 Enabled Applications 11
Introduction 11
Related Work 13
Widget Engines 13
W3C Widget Standard 13
BONDI 14
Parlay X - Telecommunication API 14
JavaScript Telecommunication API 15
API 15
Telecommunication Services 15
Widget Engine 16
Requirements for a Widget Engine with Telecommunication Features 17
Architectural Design 17
Implementation of the Desktop Widget Engine 18
Mobile Version Using Google Android 20
IMS Widgets 21
Evaluation 21
Call Widget Example 21
Presence and Address Book Example Widget 22
Widgets on Android 23
Conclusion 24
References 24
FINDR: Low-Cost Indoor Positioning Using FM Radio 25
Introduction 25
Related Work 26
Wireless Positioning Techniques 26
FM Positioning 27
Our Approach 27
Experimental Setup 28
Results 30
RSSI Dependency on Distance 30
2D Positioning 32
RSSI Stability over Time 33
Application Scenarios 33
Conclusion 34
References 35
IEEE 802.21 Assisted Seamless and Energy Efficient Handovers in Mixed Networks 37
Introduction 37
Background and Related Work 38
IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover 38
Mixed Network Architecture 39
Smart Handover Trigger 40
Cost-Function-Based Media Independent Handover 40
IEEE 802.21 Assisted Network Selection 41
Evaluation 43
Network Selection Simulator 43
Performance Analysis 45
Conclusion 51
References 52
Intelligent Middle-Ware Architecture for Mobile Networks 53
Introduction 53
Related Works 56
Architecture Overview 57
Interface Management 57
Flow Management 59
Application Management 59
Stake-Holders Policies Awareness 59
Car Manufacturers and Operators Policy Awareness 60
Applications and Final Users Requirements Awareness 61
Mobile Network Administrator Policy Awareness 62
Context Awareness 63
Processing Policies and Producing Rules 64
Conclusion 65
References 66
Middleware Solutions for Self-organizing Multi-hop Multi-path Internet Connectivity Based on Bluetooth 68
Introduction 68
Deployment Scenario, Motivations, and Solution Guidelines 70
The MMHC Architecture 74
Network Interface Provider (NIP) 74
Connector Manager (CM) 75
Routing Manager (RM) 76
Implementation Insights and Performance Considerations 76
The MMHC Extensions to the JSR-82 APIs 78
Conclusions 80
References 81
Location-Based Botany Guide: A Prototype of Web-Based Tracking and Guiding 82
Introduction 82
The Location-Based Botany Guide 83
Botanical Domain 84
Interactive Map 85
Botany Guide 86
Architecture 87
Client 88
Botanical Guiding Web Server 88
Location Server 88
Content Server 89
Location-Based and Personalized Services 89
User and Context Modeling 89
Location Determination 90
Content Query and Recommendations 91
Personalized Presentation 92
PrivacyandSecurity 93
Conclusions and Future Work 94
References 95
Parallel Data Transfer with Voice Calls for Energy-Efficient Mobile Services 97
Introduction 97
Interoperability of Mobile Service Data Transfer and Voice Calls 98
Quantitative Evaluation with Nokia N95 100
Background of the Phenomenon 102
Implementation 103
Application Level Implementation 103
Middleware Level Implementation 104
Discussion 105
Data Transfer Potential During Voice Calls 105
User Experience 106
Limitations 106
Related Research 107
Conclusions 108
References 109
Policy-Based Device and Mobility Management 111
Introduction 111
Exemplary Use Cases 113
User-Related Aspects 114
Architecture 116
Policy Management 118
Policies 118
Policy Management Layout and Mechanism 119
Policy Definition Language and Examples 119
Protocols 120
Protocol Operation for Device Recognition and Session Mobility 120
Protocol Operation for Multi-access Flow Distribution 122
Conclusion 123
References 124
Policy-Based Middleware for QoS Management and Signaling in the Evolved Packet System 125
Introduction 125
Evolution of 3GPP Policy Control Framework 126
R5/R6 Service Based Local Policy Architecture 127
R7 PCC Architecture 127
R8 Evolved PCC Architecture 127
Requirements for End-to-End Evolved 3GPP PCC 129
Inter-domain Solutions 129
Inter-domain Route Discovery 130
Necessary Assumptions 130
Signaling Path Discovery 131
Bearer Path Discovery 131
Implementation Experience 134
Metrics of Interest 135
Session Setup Delay 135
Inter-domain Resource Reservation with Application Invocation 136
Conclusions 137
References 137
Proactive Data Replication Using Semantic Information within Mobility Groups in MANET 139
Introduction 139
A Target Application: Wiki over MANETs 140
State of the Art: Replication Mechanisms for MANETs 141
Proposal: Stable Neighbourhood and Replication Algorithms 142
Asumptions 142
Stable Neighbourhood Algorithm 143
Replication Algorithms 145
Learning New Interests 147
Validation 147
Validating the Group Algorithm 148
Validating the Replication Algorithm 150
Conclusion and Future Work 151
References 152
Scalable Interactive Middleware Components for Ubiquitous Fashionable Computers 154
Introduction 154
UbiSpace 156
Tuple Space 156
Limitations of Tuple Space 157
Design and Motivation of UbiSpace 157
Usage Example of UbiSpace 158
Implementation of UbiSpace 158
Fan Search: Target Selection Algorithm 160
Definition of Fan Search 160
Multiple Interval Query Optimization in B^{+}-tree 161
Performance Evaluation 162
Tuple Indexing Effect of UbiSpace 162
Fan Search with Space Filling Curves 163
Related Works 165
Conclusions 165
References 166
SeDeUse: A Model for Service-Oriented Computing in Dynamic Environments 167
Introduction 167
Service-Oriented Computing in Dynamic Environments 168
Software Mobility in Dynamic Environments 169
The SeDeUse Model 170
Service Awareness Layer 171
Service Usage Layer 172
Programming Example 177
Conclusions and Future Work 178
References 179
The Contextual Map - A Context Model for Detecting Affinity between Contexts 181
Introduction 181
Related Work 183
Background 183
Context-Aware Computing 183
Proximity and Separation Detection in 2-Space 184
The Contextual Map Model 185
Composition 185
Context Mapping 186
Application of the Contextual Map 188
Context Boundaries 188
Detecting Affinity of Contexts 189
Update Semantics 190
Overall Workflow 192
Conclusion and Outlook 193
References 194
Extending UPnP QoS Standard for Reducing Response Delay in Multimedia Home Networks 195
Introduction 195
Quality of Service Extension of the UPnP Standard 197
QoS Architecture Extension 197
Operational Modes 200
Evaluation Methodology 202
Centralized Topology and Agents 204
Admission Control Functionality 204
Conclusions and Future Work 205
References 206
Extending an IMS Client with Peer-to-Peer Content Delivery 207
Introduction 207
Background 208
Motivation 210
Relevant Extensions 211
Case Study: MONSTER 214
Conclusions and Future Work 216
References 216
Digital Terrain Model Interpolation for Mobile Devices Using DTED Level 0 Elevation Data 218
Introduction 218
Motivation 219
Digital Terrain Modeling 220
Locating Maximum and Minimum Points 220
Singular Positioning 221
Circular Positioning 223
Cell Generation with Interpolation 227
Results 228
Conclusion and Future Work 230
References 230
A Mission Management Framework for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles 232
Introduction 232
Security 234
Failure Management 235
Management Tree 235
Manager UAV’s Algorithm 235
Managed UAV’s Algorithm 236
Failure Detection and Management 237
Intermittent Link Failure 237
Permanent Failures 238
Communication Management 238
Adapt Movement to Maintain Communication 239
Rendezvous to Restore Communication 239
Experiments and Results 240
Mission Setup Time 240
Effect of Depth of the Management Tree and Number of Roles 240
Mean Time to Reassign Roles After Failure 241
Evaluation of Communication Management 242
Related Work 243
Conclusion 244
References 244
A Quality of Context-Aware Approach to Access Control in Pervasive Environments 246
Introduction 246
Proteus QoC-Aware Policy Model 248
Context and Policy Model 249
Quality of Context Model 250
Context and QoC Representation 251
Policy Management in Proteus 252
Policy, Context and QoC Specification 253
QoC-Based Policy Evaluation 253
Proteus Middleware Architecture 254
Implementation Details 255
Evaluating QoC-Aware Access Control in a Pervasive Scenario 257
Performance Evaluation 258
Related Work 259
Conclusions and Future Work 260
References 261
A Service-Oriented Framework Supporting Ubiquitous Disaster Response 262
Introduction 262
Proposed Technological Framework 264
Related Work 266
State-of-Art DR Projects 266
Ubiquitous Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Services 267
Web Services on Resource-Constrained Devices 268
The JXTA-SOAP Component 269
JXTA-SOAP for Java Standard Edition (J2SE) 270
JXTA-SOAP for Java Micro Edition (J2ME) 271
Example DR Application 272
Conclusions and Future Work 273
References 273
An Analysis of Navigation Algorithms for Smartphones Using J2ME 276
Introduction 276
Autonomous Navigation 277
Localization - “Where Am I?” 277
Mapping - “Where Am I Going?” 278
Path Planning - “How Do I Get There?” 278
Prototype and Navigation Algorithms Considered 278
Prototype 279
NXT Middleware 279
Visual Landmark Recognition 280
Particle Filter 281
Potential Fields 282
Experimental Results 282
Mapping 283
Localization 284
Path Planning 286
Conclusions 288
References 288
An IMS-Based Middleware Solution for Energy-Efficient and Cost-Effective Mobile Multimedia Services 290
Introduction 290
Background and Related Work 291
Background about IMS 292
Related Work 294
Power Management in Our IHMAS Infrastructure 294
IHMAS Power Management Facility: Protocol Design and Implementation Insights 296
IHMAS Session Signaling for Power Management 296
Implementation Insights 298
Experimental Results 300
Conclusions and Future Work 302
References 303
Announcement/Subscription/Publication: Message Based Communication for Heterogeneous Mobile Environments 305
Introduction 305
Application Scenarios 306
Related Work and Problem Description 307
Contribution 308
The System Architecture 308
The Announcement Phase 310
The Subscription Phase 311
The Publication Phase 312
Requirements for a Scenario 312
Evaluation 313
Simulation Scenario and Methodology 313
Completeness 314
Network Load 316
Conclusion 317
Benefits 317
Shortcomings 317
Future Work 317
References 318
Building a Personal Symbolic Space Model from GSM CellID Positioning Data 319
From Position to Location, to Space Models, to Context 319
Positioning Model 321
Movement Tracking 322
Movement Tracking Validation 323
Personal Symbolic Space Model 324
Place Definition 324
Familiarity Index 327
Results 327
Data Collection 327
Clustering Process Parameters 328
Trial Users’ Results 328
Using the Personal Symbolic Space Model (PSSM) 331
Related Work 332
Conclusions 333
References 333
Chapar: A Cross-Layer Overlay Event System for MANETs 335
Introduction 335
Requirements and Definitions 336
Related Work 337
Chapar Data Structures and Algorithms 338
Tables and Data Structures 338
Chapar Functions and Algorithms 339
Chapar Evaluation and Performance Analysis 344
Functionality Analysis 344
Resource Awareness 345
Conclusion 348
References 348
Context Aware Multiparty Session Support for Adaptive Multicasting in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks 350
Introduction$^{1}$ 350
Motivation 351
Context in Networking 351
Adaptive Multicasting Service Scenario 352
Related Work 353
Generic System Model and Open Issues 354
Defining an Adaptive Multiparty Session Management 355
Context-Aware Session Management Overview 355
Technical Requirements 356
Adaptivity in Session Manager: Forming Subgroups 356
Conclusions 360
References 361
Context Inference for Mobile Applications in the UPCASE Project 362
Introduction 362
Background and Related Work 363
The UPCASE Project 364
System Sensors and Prototype 365
System Sensors and Prototype 366
Sensor Data Acquisition 367
Preprocessing 367
Context Inference in the UPCASE Project 368
Context Inference with Decision Trees 369
Application Layer 370
Learning Mode 370
Context Server 371
Case-Study Scenarios 372
Elderly Care 372
Emergency Management 373
Conclusion 373
References 374
Design, Implementation and Case Study of WISEMAN: WIreless Sensors Employing Mobile AgeNts 376
Introduction 376
System Foundations 378
The Wiseman System Architecture 378
Language Constructs 380
Variables 380
Operators 381
Rules 381
Delimiters 382
Practical Implementation Aspects 382
An Example Application: Early Detection of Forest Fires 384
Rationale 384
Experimental Setup 385
Experiment Results 388
Conclusions 389
References 389
Developing and Benchmarking Native Linux Applications on Android 391
Introduction 391
Android 392
Software Engineering Aspects of Android 393
Android Java Application Development 393
Android Linux Application Development 394
Important Facts for Native Development 395
Bridging between Java and Linux 396
Software Performance on Android 397
Performance Evaluation 398
Conclusion and Future Work 401
References 401
Towards an Opportunistic and Location-Aware Service Provision in Disconnected Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 403
Introduction 403
Location Framework 404
Location Requirements for Opportunistic Service Provision 404
Location Modelling 406
Location Determination Method 407
Maps Projection and Environment Modelling 408
Middleware Support for Location-Aware Application Services 409
Location Information and Service Message Structure 409
LocationManagement in the Service Management Middleware Layer 410
Exploitation of Location InformationWhile Routing 412
Evaluations 412
Related Work 414
Conclusion and Future Work 415
References 415
Author Index 417