Protective Relaying of Power Systems Using Mathematical Morphology (eBook)

Professor Q.H. Wu is the chair of Electrical Engineering at The University of Liverpool, UK. He obtained an MSc(Eng) in Electrical Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from The Queen's University of Belfast (QUB). Before joining The University of Liverpool Professor Wu worked at both QUB and Loughborough University, UK. In 1994 he was awarded the Donald Julius Groen Prize for the best paper published in the Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Professor Wu’s research interests include systems modelling, adaptive control, mathematical morphology, evolutionary computation, multi-agent systems and their applications for power system operation and control. Z. Lu received an MSc(Eng) in Electrical Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. He obtained a PhD degree from The University of Liverpool and is currently a postdoctoral research associate with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics at the university. His research areas include power system protection, mathematical morphology and evolutionary computation. T.Y. Ji has received a BA in English and an MSc(Eng) in Signal and Information Processing from Xi'an Jiaotong University, China. She is currently studying for a PhD at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, UK. Her research areas include mathematical morphology, signal processing and evolutionary computation.

Preface 6
Contents 8
List of Figures 12
List of Tables 19
Introduction 21
1.1 Introduction and Definitions 21
1.2 Historical Background of Digital Protective Relaying Algorithms 22
1.3 Development of Protective Relaying Algorithms 23
1.4 Introduction of Mathematical Morphology to Protective Relaying of Power Systems 27
1.5 Contents of This Book 30
Mathematical Morphology 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Basic Morphological Operators 35
2.3 Morphological Filters 42
2.4 The Lifting Scheme and Morphological Wavelets 45
2.5 Summary 57
Phasor Measurement 61
3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 Phasor Measurement Methods 62
3.3 Power System Faults 67
3.4 Morphological Transform for DC Offset Removal 69
3.5 Results of Simulations and Discussions 75
3.6 Summary 76
Protection of Transmission Lines 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 The Adaptive Distance Relaying Algorithm 79
4.3 Implementation of ADRA 87
4.4 Simulation Studies and Results of ADRA 90
4.5 Protection of a Double Circuit Transmission Line 98
4.6 The Fault Phase Selector 99
4.7 Simulation Results and Discussions on Fault Phase Selection 102
4.8 Summary 109
Transformer Protection 112
5.1 Introduction 112
5.2 Transformer Differential Protection 114
5.3 Transformer Magnetising Inrush 116
5.4 Morphological Identification of Inrush 122
5.5 Simulation Studies and Results Analysis 128
5.6 Further Discussion of the MM-Based Schemes for Inrush Identification 142
5.7 Summary 143
Bus Protection 144
6.1 Introduction 144
6.2 Bus Differential Protection 145
6.3 Current Transformers for Bus Protection 145
6.4 Current Transformer Problems 146
6.5 Saturation of Current Transformers 148
6.6 A Morphological Lifting Scheme for Detection of CT Saturation 149
6.7 A Compensation Algorithm for Distorted Secondary Current 150
6.8 Case Studies 152
6.9 Summary 157
Ultra-High-Speed Protection 158
7.1 Introduction 158
7.2 Principles of UHS Protection 160
7.3 UHS Directional Protective Relaying 165
7.4 Summary 179
Fault Location on Transmission Lines 183
8.1 Introduction 183
8.2 Principles of Fault Location 184
8.3 Noise Removal of Transients 191
8.4 Accurate Fault Location by Morphological Filters 194
8.5 Morphological Undecimated Wavelet Decomposition for Fault Location 202
8.6 Summary 208
Electromagnetic Transient Analysis of Transmission Lines 209
A.1 Distributed Parameter Model of Transmission Lines 209
A.2 Transient Wave Propagation Characteristics 211
A.3 Incidence, Reflection and Refraction of Transients 213
References 215
Index 222