Content Delivery Networks (eBook)

Preface 7
Contents 11
Contributors 13
Part I CDN Fundamentals 18
Content Delivery Networks: State of the Art, Insights, and Imperatives 19
1.1 Introduction 19
1.2 Overview 20
1.3 Background and Related Systems 24
1.4 Insights for CDNs 30
1.5 Existing CDNs: State of the Art 31
1.6 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 41
1.7 Future Research Directions 43
1.8 Conclusion 45
References 45
A Taxonomy of CDNs 49
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 Taxonomy 51
2.3 Mapping of the Taxonomy to Representative CDNs 78
2.4 Discussion 87
2.5 Summary and Conclusions 88
References 89
Dynamic, Scalable, and Efficient Content Replication Techniques 95
3.1 Introduction 95
3.2 PreviousWork 97
3.3 Dynamic Replica Placement Problem Formulation 105
3.4 Replica Placement Algorithms 106
3.5 Evaluation Methodology 110
3.6 Evaluation Results 112
3.7 Conclusions 118
References 118
Content Delivery and Management 121
4.1 Introduction 121
4.2 Systems for Web Content Delivery 122
4.3 Front-End Layer Replication 127
4.4 Application Layer Replication 130
4.5 Back-End Layer Replication 132
4.6 User Profile Layer Replication 136
4.7 Conclusions and Open Issues 139
References 139
Caching Techniques on CDN Simulated Frameworks 143
5.1 Introduction 143
5.2 Content Delivery on the Web 145
5.3 EmergingWeb Data Caching Techniques in CDNs 147
5.4 Caching Techniques on CDNsim 154
5.5 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 164
5.6 Future Research Directions 166
5.7 Conclusions 167
References 168
Request Redirection for Dynamic Content 171
6.1 Introduction 171
6.2 Related Work 174
6.3 Background 176
6.4 Redirection Architecture and Algorithm 178
6.5 Performance Model 180
6.6 Numerical Results 181
6.7 Testbed Implementation and Experiments 185
6.8 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 192
6.9 Future Research Directions 192
6.10 Conclusions 193
Appendix 193
References 194
Part II CDN Modeling and Performance 197
Economics-Informed Design of CDNs 199
7.1 Introduction 199
7.2 Background and Related Work 201
7.3 Modeling Costs and Benefits in CDNs 205
7.4 Social Optima and Nash Equilibria 208
7.5 Analyzing Existing Structures 212
7.6 Numerical Evaluation 217
7.7 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 221
7.8 Future Research Directions 223
7.9 Conclusion 224
References 224
CDN Pricing 227
8.1 Introduction 227
8.2 Common Pricing Models in the Industry 228
8.3 Background and Related Work 229
8.4 Models for CDN Pricing 230
8.5 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 238
8.6 Future Research Directions 238
8.7 Conclusions 239
References 240
Mathematical Models for Resource Management and Allocation in CDNs 241
9.1 Introduction 241
9.2 Related Work 242
9.3 Solution Algorithms 248
9.4 New Models for Alternative CDN Architectures 255
9.5 Performance Results 261
9.6 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 262
9.7 Future Research Directions 263
9.8 Conclusions 263
Appendix 264
References 264
Performance and Availability Benefits of Global Overlay Routing 267
10.1 Introduction 267
10.2 Related Work 274
10.3 Experimental Setup 274
10.4 Performance Benefits of Overlay Routing 276
10.5 Availability Gains of Overlays 279
10.6 Achieving the Benefits in a Practical Design 281
10.7 Future Research Directions 285
10.8 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 286
References 287
Part III Advanced CDN Platforms and Applications 289
Dynamic CDN Against Flash Crowds 291
11.1 Introduction 291
11.2 Background and Related Work 293
11.3 FCAN: Flash Crowds Alleviation Network 300
11.4 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 308
11.5 Future Research Directions 309
11.6 Conclusion 310
References 311
Collaborative Media Streaming Services Based on CDNs 313
12.1 Introduction 313
12.2 Background and Related Work 314
12.3 An Overview of the COMODIN System 317
12.4 HCOCOP 320
12.5 Simulation-Based Analysis of HCOCOP 322
12.6 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 330
12.7 Future Research Directions 331
12.8 Conclusions 331
References 332
CDN for Live and On-Demand Video Services over IP 333
13.1 Introduction 333
13.2 Background and Related Work 335
13.3 iTVP Platform 337
13.4 iTVP CDN Architecture 339
13.5 Content Allocation and Distribution 343
13.6 User Request Routing 346
13.7 iTVP CDN Performance Evaluation 348
13.8 Future Research Directions 355
13.9 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 356
13.10 Conclusions 357
References 357
Information Dissemination in Mobile CDNs 359
14.1 Introduction 359
14.2 Motivation 360
14.3 Mobile Content Delivery Networks 363
14.4 Wireless Network Infrastructures of Mobile CDNs 366
14.5 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 371
14.6 Implementation and Experimentation Perspectives 372
14.7 Future Research Directions 375
14.8 Conclusion 379
References 380
Infrastructures for Community Networks 383
15.1 Introduction 383
15.2 Background and Related Work 385
15.3 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 392
15.4 Future Research Directions 395
15.5 The CONTENT Approach 399
15.6 Conclusion 401
References 401
Internetworking of CDNs 405
16.1 Introduction 405
16.2 Significance of CDN Internetworking 407
16.3 Related Work 409
16.4 Architecture for CDN Internetworking/Peering 411
16.5 New Models for CDN Peering 418
16.6 Challenges in Implementing the CDN Peering 423
16.7 Technical Issues for Peering CDNs 424
16.8 Conclusion 427
References 428
Index 431