Pro Oracle Database 10g RAC on Linux (eBook)

John Shaw has worked in business processing and integration for over 10 years and has architected some of the largest Microsoft integration projects in the U.S., U.K., and Australia. His technical expertise includes implementing Microsoft BizTalk and messaging standards for a variety of clients in finance, supply chain, and other sectors. Most recently, he founded SphereGen, a niche company that provides a blended model of low-cost onshore and offshore solutions for its clients. Prior to that, John worked as the U.S. BizTalk Practice Lead for Conchango, where he obtained BizTalk Virtual Technical Specialist (VTS) status within Microsoft.

Contents at a Glance 4
Contents 6
About the Authors 22
About the Technical Reviewers 23
Acknowledgments 24
Introduction 25
Coverage and Audience 26
Standards and Conventions 26
Errata and Additional Material 26
Introduction to RAC 27
What Is Real Application Clusters? 27
Clustered Database Concepts 28
Why Deploy RAC? 33
Alternatives to RAC 41
Differences Between Single- Instance and RAC Databases 42
Differences Between Oracle 9i and Oracle 10g 43
History of Real Application Clusters 45
Summary 46
Introduction to Linux 47
History of Linux 47
Oracle, Open Source, and Linux 51
Summary 55
RAC Concepts 56
Oracle Clusterware 56
Node Applications 58
Database Structure 59
Instances 61
Parameters 62
Background Processes 67
Workload Management 73
Administration 75
Monitoring 76
Tools and Utilities 78
Backup and Recovery 80
Disaster Recovery 80
Summary 82
RAC Design 83
Business Requirements 83
Architecture 86
Storage Requirements 89
Hardware Requirements 94
Application Design 94
Database Design 96
Summary 105
Benchmarking Concepts 106
Load Testing and Benchmarks 106
TPC Benchmarks 109
Summary 121
Hardware 122
Oracle Availability 123
Server Architecture 124
Network and Private Interconnect 140
Summary 147
Storage 148
RAC I/ O Characteristics 148
Storage Fundamentals 153
Storage Protocols for Linux 161
SAN Storage Example 169
NFS and iSCSI Storage Example 181
Summary 193
Oracle Cluster File System ( OCFS) 194
Cluster File Systems and OCFS 194
OCFS Version 1 195
Summary 223
Automatic Storage Management ( ASM) 224
Introducing ASM 224
ASM Installation 225
ASM Instance Configuration 229
ASM Components 235
ASM Administration 243
Monitoring ASIVI 254
Summary 256
Installing Linux 257
Linux Software Selection 257
Hardware Requirements 258
Networlcing Requirements 258
Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 AS 259
Installing SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 272
Summary 280
Configuring and Verifying Linux 281
Operating System and RPM Package Checks 281
Hostnames and Name Resolution 282
NTP 283
Hangcheck- Timer 285
Kernel Parameters 286
Oracle User Configuration 294
Secure Shell Configuration 301
Shared Storage Configuration 303
Channel Bonding 309
Cluster Verification 312
Summary 321
Installing and Configuring Oracle Software 322
Preparing to Install 322
Oracle Clusterware 324
Oracle Database Software Installation 336
Troubleshooting 341
Configuration Files 344
Deinstallation 345
Summary 346
Creating and Configuring Databases 347
Using DBCA As a GUI Tool 347
Creating a Database Using Scripts 371
Summary 382
Installing and Configuring Enterprise Manager 383
Manageability Infrastructure 384
Database Control 385
Grid Control 386
Summary 404
Linux Administration 405
Run Levels 405
Services 407
Terminal Sessions 408
IVIanual Pages 408
Bash Sliell 409
Packages 413
Kernel Parameters 414
Swap Space and File Systems 415
Booting the System 418
Log Files, Tracing, and Debugging 419
Summary 420
Oracle Clusterware 421
Oracle Clusterware Components 421
Oracle Clusterware Files 422
Oracle Clusterware High Availability Framework 423
Oracle Clusterware Installation and Configuration 424
Administering Oracle Clusterware 428
Administering Voting Disks 442
Oracle Clusterware Logging 443
Summary 443
Application Development 444
RAC- Specific Development Considerations 444
Transparent Application Fallover 449
Fast Application Notification 456
Oracle Clusterware High Availability Framework 465
Summary 482
Using Administrative Tools 483
Using EM 483
Using SRVCTL 493
Using SQL*PIus 505
Summary 510
Workload Management 511
Workload Distribution 511
Database Services 515
Summary 537
Adding and Deleting Nodes and Instances 538
Running GUI Tools 538
Adding a Node 539
Adding an Instance 552
Deleting an Instance 557
Deleting a Node 561
Summary 569
Trace and Diagnostics 570
Trace File Locations 570
ORADEBUG 576
Summary 591
RAC Internals 592
Global Enqueue Services 593
Global Cache Services 598
Instance Recovery 621
Summary 622
Benchmarking Tools: Hammerora and Swingbench 623
Hammerora 623
Swingbench 649
Summary 663
Performance Monitoring 664
Oracle Performance Monitoring 664
Linux Performance Monitoring 687
Summary 696
Backup and Recovery 697
Backup and Recovery Strategy 697
Recovery Manager ( RMAN) 699
RAG Considerations 728
Summary 730
Disaster Recovery 731
Oracle Data Guard 732
Data Protection Modes 733
Redo Transport Services 734
Standby Redo Logs 736
Log Apply Services 737
Role Management 737
RAC and Physical Standby 738
RMAN 739
NOLOGGING Attribute 739
Archive Log Gaps 740
Initialization Parameters 740
Creating a Physical Standby Database 743
Role Management 753
Summary 755
Third- Party Clustering Solutions 756
Clusterware 756
PolyServe Matrix Server 758
Summary 764
Index 765