Elementary Statistics: A Step By Step Approach

Allan G. Bluman is a professor emeritus at the Community College of Allegheny County, South Campus, near Pittsburgh. He has taught mathematics and statistics for over 35 years. He received an Apple for the Teacher award in recognition of his bringing excellence to the learning environment at South Campus. He has also taught statistics for Penn State University at the Greater Allegheny (McKeesport) Campus and at the Monroeville Center. He received his master's and doctor's degrees from the University of Pittsburgh. In addition to Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach (Eighth Edition ï¿2012) and Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version (Fifth Edition ï¿2010), Al is a co-author on a liberal arts mathematics text published by McGraw-Hill, Math in Our World (2nd Edition ï¿2011). Al also the author of for mathematics books in the McGraw-Hill DeMystified Series. They are Pre-Algebra, Math Word Problems, Business Math, and Probability. Al Bluman is married and has two sons and a granddaughter.

1 The Nature of Probability and Statistics1.1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
1.2 Variables and Types of Data
1.3 Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
1.4 Observational and Experimental Studies
1.5 Uses and Misuses of Statistics
1.6 Computers and Calculators
2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs2.1 Organizing Data
2.2 Histograms, Frequency Polygons,and Ogives
2.3 Other Types of Graphs
3 Data Description3.1 Measures of CentralTendency
3.2 Measures of Variation
3.3 Measures of Position
3.4 Exploratory Data Analysis
4 Probability and Counting Rules4.1 Exploratory Data Analysis
4.2 The Addition Rules for Probability
4.3 The Multiplication Rules and ConditionalProbability
4.4 Counting Rules
4.5 Probability and Counting Rules
5 Discrete Probability Distributions5.1 Probability Distributions
5.2 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation,and Expectation
5.3 The Binomial Distribution
5.4 Other Types of Distributions (Optional)
6 The Normal Distribution6.1 Normal Distributions
6.2 Applications of the NormalDistribution
6.3 The Central Limit Theorem
6.4 The Normal Approximation to the BinomialDistribution
7 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size7.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean When σ Is Known
7.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean When σ Is Unknown
7.3 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions
7.4 Confidence Intervals for Variances and Standard Deviations
8 Hypothesis Testing8.1 Steps in Hypothesis Testing—Traditional Method
8.2 z Test for a Mean
8.3 t Test for a Mean
8.4 z Test for a Proportion
8.5 χ2 Test for a Variance or Standard Deviation
8.6 Additional Topics Regarding Hypothesis Testing
9 Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Variances, and Two Proportions9.1 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Using the z Test
9.2 Testing the Difference Between Two Means of Independent Samples: Using the t Test
9.3 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Dependent Samples
9.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions9.5 Testing the Difference Between Two Variances
10 Correlation and Regression10.1 Scatter Plots and Correlation
10.2 Regression
10.3 Coefficient of Determination and Standard Error of the Estimate
10.4 Multiple Regression (Optional)
11 Other Chi-Square Tests11.1 Test for Goodness of Fit
11.2 Tests Using Contingency Tables
12 Analysis of Variance12.1 One-Way Analysis of Variance
12.2 The Scheffé Test and the Tukey Test
12.3 Two-Way Analysis of Variance
13 Nonparametric Statistics13.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonparametric Methods
13.2 The Sign Test
13.3 The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
13.4 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
13.5 The Kruskal-Wallis Test
13.6 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient and the Runs Test
14 Sampling and Simulation14.1 Common Sampling Techniques
14.2 Surveys and Questionnaire Design
14.3 Simulation Techniques and the Monte Carlo Method

Appendix A: Algebra Review
Appendix B-1: Writing the Research Report
Appendix B-2: Bayes’ Theorem
Appendix B-3: Alternate Approach to the Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix C: Tables
Appendix D: Data Bank
Appendix E: Glossary
Appendix F: Bibliography
Appendix G: Photo Credits
Appendix H: Selected Answers