Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) (Authorized Self-Study Guide) (paperback)

Diane Teare is a professional in the networking, training, and e-learning fields. She has more than 20 years of experience in designing, implementing, and troubleshooting network hardware and software and has also been involved in teaching, course design, and project management. She has extensive knowledge of network design and routing technologies and is an instructor with one of the largest authorized Cisco Learning Partners. She was recently the director of e-learning for the same company, where she was responsible for planning and supporting all the company’s e-learning offerings in Canada, including Cisco courses. Diane was part of the team that developed the latest version of the BSCI course. She has a bachelor’s degree in applied science in electrical engineering (BASc) and a master’s degree in applied science in management science (MASc). She is a certified Cisco Systems instructor and currently holds her CCNP and CCDP certifications. She coauthored the Cisco Press titlesCampus Network Design Fundamentals and the first two editions of this book; and edited CCDA Self-Study: Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions (DESGN) and Designing Cisco Networks.   Catherine Paquet has in-depth knowledge of security systems, remote access, and routing technology. She is a CCSP, a CCNP, and a CCSI with one of the largest Cisco Learning Partners. She started her internetworking career as a LAN manager, moved to MAN manager, and eventually became the nationwide WAN manager with a federal agency. Prior to starting Netrisec Inc., a network security consultancy, Catherine was the director of technical resources for a Cisco Learning Partner. Catherine currently works on network design and implementation projects and lectures on topics related to security frameworks, regulations, and return on security investments. In 2002 and 2003, she volunteered with the U.N. mission in Kabul, Afghanistan, to train Afghan public servants in the area of networking. Catherine has a master’s degree in business administration with a major in management information systems (MBA [MIS]). She coauthored the Cisco Press titles Campus Network Design Fundamentals, The Business Case for Network Security: Advocacy, Governance, and ROI, and the first two editions of this book, and edited Building Cisco Remote Access Networks.

&a>

 

Part I: Network Architecture and Design

 

Chapter 1: Network Architecture Framework and Design Models

Converged Networks

Cisco Intelligent Information Network

Cisco Service-Oriented Network Architecture Framework

Cisco Enterprise Architecture

Cisco Hierarchical Network Model

Cisco Enterprise Composite Network Model

Routing and Routing Protocols Within the Enterprise Composite Network Model

Summary

Review Questions

 

Part II: IP Routing Protocols

 

Chapter 2: Routing Principles

IP Routing Overview

    Principles of Static Routing

    Configuring a Static Route

    Configuring a Static Default Route

    Principles of Dynamic Routing

    Principles of On-Demand Routing

    Configuring ODR

Characteristics of Routing Protocols

    Distance Vector, Link-State, and Hybrid Routing Protocols

    Classful Routing Protocol Concepts

    Classful Routing Protocol Behavior

    Summarizing Routes in a Discontiguous Network

    The ip classless Command

    Classless Routing Protocol Concepts

    RIPv2 and EIGRP Automatic Network-Boundary Summarization

RIP

    Characteristics of RIPv

    Characteristics of RIPv

    RIP Configuration Commands

IP Routing Protocol Comparisons

    Administrative Distance

    Floating Static Routes

    Criteria for Inserting Routes in the IP Routing Table

    Comparing Routing Protocols

Summary

Configuration Exercise: Basic Configuration and Migrating to a Classless Routing Protocol

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Setting Up the Edge Routers

    Task 2: Setting Up the Internal Routers

    Task 3: Exploring Classful Routing

    Task 4: Exploring Classless Forwarding

    Task 5: Optimizing Classless Routes for Scalability

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Chapter 3: Configuring the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

EIGRP Overview

    EIGRP Capabilities and Attributes

    Underlying Processes and Technologies

EIGRP Terminology and Operation

    EIGRP Terminology

    Populating EIGRP Tables

    EIGRP Packets

    EIGRP Hello Packets

    EIGRP Neighbors

    Neighbor Table

    EIGRP Reliability

    Initial Route Discovery

    Route Selection

    EIGRP Metric Calculation

    EIGRP Metric Calculation Example

    Routing Table and EIGRP DUAL

    Advertised Distance and Feasible Distance

    Successor and Feasible Successor

    DUAL Example

Configuring and Verifying EIGRP

    Basic EIGRP Configuration

    Basic EIGRP Configuration Example

    EIGRP Configuration Example Using the Wildcard Mask

    Configuring the ip default-network Command for EIGRP

    Route Summarization

    Configuring Manual Route Summarization

    EIGRP Load Balancing

    EIGRP and WAN Links

    EIGRP Link Utilization

    Examples of EIGRP on WANs

Configuring EIGRP Authentication

    Router Authentication

    EIGRP MD5 Authentication

    Configuring MD5 Authentication

    MD5 Authentication Configuration Example

    Verifying MD5 Authentication

    Troubleshooting MD5 Authentication

Using EIGRP in an Enterprise Network

    EIGRP Scalability

    EIGRP Route Summarization

    EIGRP Queries and Stuck-in-Active

    Preventing SIA Connections

    EIGRP Query Range

    Limiting the EIGRP Query Range

    Limiting Query Range with Summarization

    Limiting Query Range Using a Stub

    Graceful Shutdown

Verifying EIGRP Operation

    show ip route and show ip route eigrp for EIGRP Examples

    show ip protocols Example

    show ip eigrp interfaces Example

    show ip eigrp topology Example

    show ip eigrp traffic Example

    debug eigrp packets Examples

    debug ip eigrp Examples

Summary

References

Configuration Exercise: Configuring and Tuning EIGRP

    Exercise Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Configuring Basic EIGRP

    Task 2: Configuring EIGRP Summarization

    Task 3: Configuring the EIGRP Stub

    Task 4: Configuring an EIGRP Default Route

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Chapter 4: Configuring the Open Shortest Path First Protocol

OSPF Protocol Overview

    Link-State Routing Protocols

    OSPF Area Structure

    OSPF Areas

    Area Terminology

    OSPF Adjacencies

    OSPF Metric Calculation

    Link-State Data Structures

OSPF Packets

    Establishing OSPF Neighbor Adjacencies: Hello

    Exchange Process and OSPF Neighbor Adjacency States

    Maintaining Routing Information

    OSPF Link-State Sequence Numbers

Configuring Basic OSPF Routing

    Single-Area OSPF Configuration Example

    Multiarea OSPF Configuration Example

    Verifying OSPF Operations

    The show ip route ospf Command

    The show ip ospf interface Command

    The show ip ospf neighbor Command

    The debug ip ospf events Command

    OSPF Router ID

    Loopback Interfaces

    OSPF router-id Command

    Verifying the OSPF Router ID

OSPF Network Types

    Types of OSPF Networks

    Adjacency Behavior for a Point-to-Point Link

    Adjacency Behavior for a Broadcast Network

    Electing a DR and BDR

    Setting Priority for the DR Election

    Adjacency Behavior for a Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Network

    DR Election in an NBMA Topology

    OSPF over Frame Relay Configuration Options

    OSPF over NBMA Topology Modes of Operation

    Selecting the OSPF Network Type for NBMA Networks

    OSPF Broadcast Mode Configuration

    OSPF Nonbroadcast Mode Configuration

    OSPF Configuration in Point-to-Multipoint Mode

    Cisco Point-to-Multipoint Nonbroadcast Mode

    Using Subinterfaces in OSPF over Frame Relay Configuration

    Point-to-Point Subinterfaces

    Multipoint Subinterfaces

    OSPF Mode Summary

    Displaying OSPF Adjacency Activity

Summary

References

Configuration Exercise: Configuring and Examining OSPF in a Single Area

    Exercise Objective

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up

    Task 2: Configuring Single-Area OSPF Within Your Pod

    Task 3: Configuring a Stable OSPF Router ID

    Task 4: Observing the OSPF Process

    Task 5: Observing OSPF DR and BDR Elections

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Chapter 5: Advanced Open Shortest Path First Protocol Configuration

Types of OSPF Routers and LSAs

    Types of OSPF Routers

    OSPF LSA Types

    LSA Type 1: Router LSA

    LSA Type 2: Network LSA

    LSA Type 3: Summary LSA

    LSA Type 4: Summary LSA

    LSA Type 5: External LSA

Interpreting the OSPF LSDB and Routing Table

    OSPF LSDB

    OSPF Routing Table and Types of Routes

    Calculating the Costs of E1 and E2 Routes

    Configuring OSPF LSDB Overload Protection

    Changing the Cost Metric

OSPF Route Summarization

    Configuring OSPF Route Summarization on an ABR

    Configuring OSPF Route Summarization on an ASBR

    Route Summarization Configuration Example at an ABR

    Route Summarization Configuration Example at an ASBR

Creating a Default Route in OSPF

    The default-information originate Command

OSPF Special Area Types

    Configuring Stub Areas

    Configuring Totally Stubby Areas

    Interpreting Routing Tables in Different Types of OSPF Areas

    Configuring NSSAs

    Verifying All Area Types

OSPF Virtual Links

    Configuring OSPF Virtual Links

    Verifying OSPF Virtual Link Operation

Configuring OSPF Authentication

    Types of Authentication

    Configuring Simple Password Authentication

    Simple Password Authentication Example

    Verifying Simple Password Authentication

    Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication

    Successful Simple Password Authentication Example

    Example: Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication Problems

    Configuring MD5 Authentication

    MD5 Authentication Example

    Verifying MD5 Authentication

    Troubleshooting MD5 Authentication

    Successful MD5 Authentication Example

    Example: Troubleshooting MD5 Authentication Problems

Summary

References

Configuration Exercise 5-1: Configuring OSPF for Multiple Areas and Frame Relay Nonbroadcast

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task: Using the Nonbroadcast Network Type over Frame Relay

    Exercise Verification

Configuration Exercise 5-2: Configuring OSPF for Multiple Areas and Frame Relay Point to Multipoint and Point to Point

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up

    Task 2: Configuring OSPF over Frame Relay Using the Point-to-Multipoint OSPF Network Type

    Task 3: Configuring OSPF over Frame Relay Using the Point-to-Point OSPF Network Type

    Exercise Verification

Configuration Exercise 5-3: Tuning OSPF

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Examining the OSPF Database

    Task 2: Configure OSPF Route Summarization

    Task 3: Configure an OSPF Stub Area

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Chapter 6: Configuring the Integrated Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Protocol

Introducing IS-IS and Integrated IS-IS Routing

    IS-IS Routing

    IS-IS Routing Levels

    IS-IS Routers

    Integrated IS-IS Routing

    Integrated IS-IS Design Principles

    Issues with Integrated IS-IS

    The ES-IS Protocol

    OSI Routing Levels

    Level 0 (L0) Routing

    IS-IS L1 Routing

    IS-IS L2 Routing

    Level 3 (L3) Routing

    Comparing IS-IS to OSPF

    IS-IS History

    Similarities Between IS-IS and OSPF

    Differences Between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF

IS-IS Routing Operation

    NSAP Addresses

    Integrated IS-IS NSAP Address Structure

    IS-IS Area Addresses

    IS-IS System ID

    NET Addresses

    IS-IS Router Operation

    Intra-Area and Interarea Addressing and Routing

    IS-IS Routing Examples

    Route Leaking

    OSI and IS-IS PDUs

    OSI PDUs

    IS-IS PDUs

    IS-IS LSPs

    Implementing IS-IS in Different Network Types

    Implementing IS-IS in Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA) Networks

    Implementing IS-IS in Broadcast Networks

    LSPs and IIHs

    Summary of Differences Between Broadcast and Point-to-Point Modes

    Link-State Database Synchronization

    LSP Flooding

    LSDB Synchronization

    LAN Adjacencies

    WAN Adjacencies

Configuring Integrated IS-IS

    Integrated IS-IS in a CLNS Environment

    Building an OSI Routing Table

    Building an IP Routing Table

    Integrated IS-IS Configuration

    Step 1: Define the Area and Addressing

    Step 2: Enable IS-IS on the Router

    Step 3: Configure the NET

    Step 4: Enable Integrated IS-IS on Interfaces

    Simple Integrated IS-IS Example

    Optimizing IS-IS

    Changing the IS-IS Router Level

    Changing the IS-IS Interface Level

    Changing the IS-IS Metric

    Tuning IS-IS Example

    Configuring IP Route Summarization in IS-IS

Verifying IS-IS Configuration and Structures

    Verifying IS-IS Configuration

    Verifying CLNS IS-IS Structures

    Troubleshooting Commands: CLNS

    Troubleshooting Commands: CLNS and IS-IS

    OSI Intra-Area and Interarea Routing Example

Summary

Configuration Exercise: Configuring Integrated IS-IS in Multiple Areas

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up and Preparing

    Task 2: Configuring Integrated IS-IS in Multiple Areas

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Chapter 7: Manipulating Routing Updates

Using Multiple IP Routing Protocols

    Considerations When Migrating to Another Routing Protocol

    Planning and Implementing a New IP Address Allocation

    Configuring a Secondary IP Address

    Migrating to a New Routing Protocol

    Redistribution Overview

    Redistribution Implementation Considerations

    Selecting the Best Route

    Administrative Distance

    Seed Metrics

    Default Seed Metrics

    Redistribution Techniques

    Configuring Redistribution

    The redistribute Command for RIP

    The redistribute Command for OSPF

    The redistribute Command for EIGRP

    The redistribute Command for IS-IS

    The default-metric Command

    The passive-interface Command

    Route Redistribution Example

Controlling Routing Update Traffic

    Static and Default Routes

    Using Distribute Lists to Control Routing Updates

    Distribute List Processing

    Configuring Distribute Lists

    IP Route Filtering with Distribution List Configuration Example

    Controlling Redistribution with Distribute Lists

    Using Route Maps to Control Routing Updates

    Route Map Applications

    Understanding Route Maps

    Configuring Route Maps

    Using Route Maps with Redistribution

    Route Maps to Avoid Route Feedback

    Using Administrative Distance to Influence the Route-Selection Process

    Selecting Routes with Administrative Distance

    Modifying Administrative Distance

    An Example of Redistribution Using Administrative Distance

    Verifying Redistribution Operation

Configuring DHCP

    DHCP Overview

    DHCP Operation

    DHCP Bindings

    Attribute Inheritance

    DHCP Options and Suboptions

    Configuring a DHCP Server

    Preparing for DHCP Configuration

    DHCP Server Configuration Tasks

    DHCP Server Configuration Commands

    DHCP Server Example

    DHCP Server Options Import Example

    Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent

    IP Helper Addresses

    DHCP Relay Agent Configuration Tasks

    DHCP Relay Agent Configuration Commands

    Configuring a DHCP Client

    Verifying DHCP

Summary

Configuration Exercise 7-1: Configuring Basic Redistribution

    Exercise Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up

    Task 2: Setting Up the Routing Protocols

    Task 3: Configuring Basic Redistribution

    Task 4: Filtering Routing Updates

    Exercise Verification

Configuration Exercise 7-2: Tuning Basic Redistribution

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Tuning Basic Redistribution with Route Maps

    Task 2: Filtering Routing Updates

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Chapter 8: Configuring the Border Gateway Protocol

BGP Terminology, Concepts, and Operation

    Autonomous Systems

    BGP Use Between Autonomous Systems

    Comparison with Other Scalable Routing Protocols

    Using BGP in an Enterprise Network

    BGP Multihoming Options

    Multihoming with Default Routes from All Providers

    Multihoming with Default Routes and Partial Table from All Providers

    Multihoming with Full Routes from All Providers

    BGP Path Vector Characteristics

    When to Use BGP

    When Not to Use BGP

    BGP Characteristics

    BGP Neighbor Relationships

    External BGP Neighbors

    Internal BGP Neighbors

    IBGP on All Routers in a Transit Path

    IBGP in a Transit AS

    IBGP in a Nontransit AS

    BGP Partial-Mesh and Full-Mesh Examples

    TCP and Full Mesh

    Routing Issues if BGP Not on in All Routers in a Transit Path

    BGP Synchronization

    BGP Tables

    BGP Message Types

    BGP Attributes

    Well-Known Attributes

    Optional Attributes

    Defined BGP Attributes

    The AS-Path Attribute

    The Next-Hop Attribute

    The Origin Attribute

    The Local Preference Attribute

    The Community Attribute

    The MED Attribute

    The Weight Attribute (Cisco Only)

    The Route Selection Decision Process

Configuring BGP

    Peer Groups

    Entering BGP Configuration Mode

    Defining BGP Neighbors and Activating BGP Sessions

    Shutting Down a BGP Neighbor

    Defining the Source IP Address

    EBGP Multihop

    Changing the Next-Hop Attribute

    Defining the Networks That BGP Advertises

    BGP Neighbor Authentication

    Configuring BGP Synchronization

    Resetting BGP Sessions

    Hard Reset of BGP Sessions

    Soft Reset of BGP Sessions Outbound

    Soft Reset of BGP Sessions Inbound

    BGP Configuration Examples

    Basic BGP Example

    Peer Group Example

    IBGP and EBGP Example

Verifying and Troubleshooting BGP

    show ip bgp Command Output Example

    show ip bgp rib-failure Command Output Example

    show ip bgp summary Command Output Example

    debug ip bgp updates Command Output Example

    Understanding and Troubleshooting BGP Neighbor States

    Idle State Troubleshooting

    Active State Troubleshooting

    Established State

Basic BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps

    BGP Path Manipulation

    The Path-Selection Decision Process with a Multihomed Connection

    Setting Local Preference

    Changing Local Preference for All Routes

    Local Preference Example

    Changing Local Preference Using Route Maps

    Setting the MED with Route Maps

    Changing the MED for All Routes

    Changing the MED Using Route Maps

    Configuring Weight

    Implementing BGP in an Enterprise Network

Summary

References

Configuration Exercise 8-1: Configuring Multihome BGP

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up

    Task 2: Configuring BGP

    Exercise Verification

Configuration Exercise 8-2: Configuring Full-Mesh IBGP

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task: Configuring Full-Mesh IBGP

    Exercise Verification

Configuration Exercise 8-3: BGP Path Manipulation Using MED and Local Preference with Route Maps

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task: Using MED and Local Preference with Route Maps for BGP Path Manipulation

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Part III: IP Multicast

 

Chapter 9: Implementing IP Multicast

Introduction to Multicast

    Multicast Versus Unicast

    Multicast Applications

    Advantages of Multicast

    Disadvantages of Multicast

    Multicast IP Addresses

    Layer 2 Multicast Addresses

    Learning About Multicast Sessions

IGMP and CGMP

    IGMP Version 1 (IGMPv1)

    IGMP Version 2 (IGMPv2)

    IGMPv2: Joining a Group

    IGMPv2: Leaving a Group

    IGMP Version 3 (IGMPv3)

    IGMPv3: Joining a Group

    IGMPv3: Operation

    Determining Which IGMP Version Is Running

    Multicast with Layer 2 Switches

    CGMP

    IGMP Snooping

PIM Routing Protocol

    PIM Terminology

    Distribution Trees

    Reverse Path Forwarding

    PIM Modes

    Multicast Distribution Trees

    Source Distribution Trees

    Shared Distribution Trees

    Multicast Distribution Tree Notation

    PIM-DM

    PIM-SM

    PIM Sparse-Dense Mode

IP Multicast Configuration and Verification

    Configuring PIM-SM and PIM Sparse-Dense Mode

    Configuring a Router to Be a Member of a Group or a Statically Connected Member

    Verifying IP Multicast

    Inspecting the IP Multicast Routing Table

    PIM Interfaces and Neighbors

    Checking RP Information

    Verifying IGMP Groups

    Verifying IGMP Snooping

Summary

References

Configuration Exercise: Configuring Multicast Routing

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up

    Task 2: Enable IP Multicast Routing

    Task 3: Configure PIM Sparse-Dense Mode on All Interfaces

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Part IV: IP Version 6

 

Chapter 10: Implementing IPv6

Introducing IPv6

    Features of IPv6

    IPv6 Address Space

    The Need for Larger Address Space

IPv6 Addressing

    IPv6 Packet Header

    Extension Headers

    MTU Discovery

    IPv6 Address Representation

    IPv6 Address Types

    Interface Identifiers in IPv6 Addresses

    IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses

    IPv6 Link-Local Unicast Addresses

    IPv6 Anycast Addresses

    IPv6 Multicast Addresses

    Stateless Autoconfiguration

    IPv6 Mobility

IPv6 Configuration and Using OSPF and Other Routing Protocols for IPv9

    IPv6 Routing Protocols

    Static Routing

    RIPng

    OSPFv1

    IS-IS for IPv1

    EIGRP for IPv2

    MP-BGP2

    OSPFv3 Compared to OSPFv2

    Similarities Between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3

    Differences Between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3

    OSPF LSA Types for IPv5

    IPv6 Configuration

    OSPFv3 Configuration

    Verifying IPv6 and OSPFv0

    clear ipv6 ospf Command

    show ipv6 route Command

    show ipv6 interface Command

    show ipv6 ospf interface Command

    show ipv6 ospf Command

    show ipv6 ospf neighbor Command

    show ipv6 ospf database Command

Transitioning IPv4 to IPv6

Dual Stack

    Tunneling

    Manually Configured Tunnels

    Other Tunneling Mechanisms

    6-to-4 Tunneling

    Translation Mechanisms

Summary

References

Configuration Exercise 10-1: Configuring IPv6 Addresses and OSPF for IPv6 Routing

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task 1: Cleaning Up

    Task 2: Configuring IPv6

    Task 3: Enable IPv6 OSPF

    Exercise Verification

Configuration Exercise 10-2: Configuring an IPv6 Tunnel

    Objectives

    Visual Objective

    Command List

    Task: Configuring the Tunnel Interface

    Exercise Verification

Review Questions

 

Part V: Appendixes

 

Acronyms and Abbreviations

 

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

 

Appendix B: Configuration Exercise Equipment Requirements and Backbone Configurations

Configuration Exercise Equipment Requirements

TFTP Server Setup

Multicast Traffic Generator

Configuration Exercise Setup Diagram

Configuration Exercise Equipment Wiring

Backbone Router Configurations

    BBR1 Configuration

    BBR2 Configuration

    Frame_Switch Configuration

 

Index