DTrace - Brendan Gregg, Jim Mauro, Chad Mynhier, Tariq Magdon-Ismail

DTrace

Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD
Buch | Softcover
1152 Seiten
2011
Prentice Hall (Verlag)
978-0-13-209151-0 (ISBN)
55,55 inkl. MwSt
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The Oracle Solaris DTrace feature revolutionizes the way you debug operating systems and applications. Using DTrace, you can dynamically instrument software and quickly answer virtually any question about its behavior. Now, for the first time, there's a comprehensive, authoritative guide to making the most of DTrace in any supported UNIX environment--from Oracle Solaris to OpenSolaris, Mac OS X, and FreeBSD.

 



Written by key contributors to the DTrace community, DTrace teaches by example, presenting scores of commands and easy-to-adapt, downloadable D scripts. These concise examples generate answers to real and useful questions, and serve as a starting point for building more complex scripts. Using them, you can start making practical use of DTrace immediately, whether you're an administrator, developer, analyst, architect, or support professional.

 



The authors fully explain the goals, techniques, and output associated with each script or command. Drawing on their extensive experience, they provide strategy suggestions, checklists, and functional diagrams, as well as a chapter of advanced tips and tricks. You'll learn how to








Write effective scripts using DTrace's D language




Use DTrace to thoroughly understand system performance




Expose functional areas of the operating system, including I/O, filesystems, and protocols




Use DTrace in the application and database development process




Identify and fix security problems with DTrace




Analyze the operating system kernel




Integrate DTrace into source code




Extend DTrace with other tools





This book will help you make the most of DTrace to solve problems more quickly and efficiently, and build systems that work faster and more reliably.

Brendan Gregg is a performance specialist at Joyent and is known worldwide in the field of DTrace. Brendan created and developed the DTraceToolkit and is the coauthor of SolarisTM Performance and Tools (Prentice Hall, 2006) as well as numerous articles about DTrace. Many of Brendan's DTrace scripts are shipped by default in Mac OS X.   Jim Mauro is a senior software engineer for Oracle Corporation, working in the Systems group with a primary focus on systems performance. Jim has 30 years of experience in the computer industry and coauthored SolarisTM Performance and Tools and the first and second editions of SolarisTM Internals (Sun Microsystems Press, 2000, and Prentice Hall, 2006).

Foreword xxi

Preface xxv

Acknowledgments xxxi

About the Authors xxxv





Part I: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction to DTrace 1

What Is DTrace? 1

Why Do You Need It? 1

Capabilities 2

Dynamic and Static Probes 4

DTrace Features 4

A First Look 6

Overview 8

Architecture 16

Summary 17





Chapter 2: D Language 19

D Language Components 20

Probes 23

Variables 26

Aggregations 33

Actions 37

Options 43

Example Programs 44

Summary 49





Part II: Using DTrace

Chapter 3: System View 51

Start at the Beginning 52

Observing CPUs 56

Observing Memory 95

Observing Disk and Network I/O 125

Summary 148





Chapter 4: Disk I/O 151

Capabilities 152

Disk I/O Strategy 154

Checklist 155

Providers 156

Scripts 172

Case Studies 269

Summary 290





Chapter 5: File Systems 291

Capabilities 292

Strategy 295

Checklist 296

Providers 297

Scripts 313

Case Study 387

Summary 397





Chapter 6: Network Lower-Level Protocols 399

Capabilities 400

Strategy 402

Checklist 403

Providers 404

Scripts 445

Common Mistakes 548

Summary 555





Chapter 7: Application-Level Protocols 557

Capabilities 558

Strategy 558

Checklist 559

Providers 560

Scripts 574

Summary 668





Chapter 8: Languages 669

Capabilities 671

Strategy 672

Checklist 674

Providers 675

C 679

C++ 689

Java 691

JavaScript 705

Perl 719

PHP 731

Python 740

Ruby 751

Shell 764

Tcl 774

Summary 782





Chapter 9: Applications 783

Capabilities 784

Strategy 784

Checklist 786

Providers 787

Scripts 804

Case Studies 817

Summary 832





Chapter 10: Databases 833

Capabilities 834

Strategy 835

Providers 836

MySQL 837

PostgreSQL 851

Oracle 858

Summary 865





Part III: Additional User Topics

Chapter 11: Security 867

Privileges, Detection, and Debugging 867

Scripts 875

Summary 892





Chapter 12: Kernel 893

Capabilities 894

Strategy 896

Checklist 897

Providers 897

Scripts 932

Summary 945





Chapter 13: Tools 947

The DTraceToolkit 948

Chime 962

DTrace GUI Plug-in for NetBeans and Sun Studio 966

DLight, Oracle Solaris Studio 12.2 966

Mac OS X Instruments 971

Analytics 973

Summary 985





Chapter 14: Tips and Tricks 987

Tip 1: Known Workloads 987

Tip 2: Write Target Software 989

Tip 3: Use grep to Search for Probes 991

Tip 4: Frequency Count 991

Tip 5: Time Stamp Column, Postsort 992

Tip 6: Use Perl to Postprocess 993

Tip 7: Learn Syscalls 994

Tip 8: timestamp vs. vtimestamp 995

Tip 9: profile:::profile-997 and Profiling 996

Tip 10: Variable Scope and Use 997

Tip 11: strlen() and strcmp() 999

Tip 12: Check Assumptions 1000

Tip 13: Keep It Simple 1001

Tip 14: Consider Performance Impact 1001

Tip 15: drops and dynvardrops 1003

Tip 16: Tail-Call Optimization 1003

Further Reading 1003





Appendix A: DTrace Tunable Variables 1005





Appendix B: D Language Reference 1011





Appendix C: Provider Arguments Reference 1025

Providers 1025

Arguments 1038





Appendix D: DTrace on FreeBSD 1045

Enabling DTrace on FreeBSD 7.1 and 8.0 1045

DTrace for FreeBSD: John Birrell 1047





Appendix E: USDT Example 1051

USDT Bourne Shell Provider 1052

Case Study: Implementing a Bourne Shell Provider 1057





Appendix F: DTrace Error Messages 1063

Privileges 1063

Drops 1064

Aggregation Drops 1065

Dynamic Variable Drops 1066

Invalid Address 1066

Maximum Program Size 1067

Not Enough Space 1068





Appendix G: DTrace Cheat Sheet 1069

Synopsis 1069

Finding Probes 1069

Finding Probe Arguments 1070

Probes 1070

Vars 1070

Actions 1071

Switches 1071

Pragmas 1071

One-Liners 1072





Bibliography 1073

Suggested Reading 1073

Vendor Manuals 1075





Index 1089

Erscheint lt. Verlag 21.4.2011
Verlagsort Upper Saddle River
Sprache englisch
Maße 180 x 233 mm
Gewicht 1415 g
Themenwelt Mathematik / Informatik Informatik Betriebssysteme / Server
Informatik Office Programme Outlook
Informatik Software Entwicklung Qualität / Testen
ISBN-10 0-13-209151-8 / 0132091518
ISBN-13 978-0-13-209151-0 / 9780132091510
Zustand Neuware
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