Cell and Muscle Motility

1 Actin Organization as an in Vitro Assay for Tumorigenicity.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Actin Organization and Oncogenic Transformation.- 1.2. Actin Organization and Human Cancer.- 2. Methods.- 2.1. Cells and Culture.- 2.2. Anchorage Independence.- 2.3. Fixation and Staining for Localization of Actin by Antibody Immunofluorescence.- 2.4. Fixation and Staining for Localization of Actin by Fluorescent Phalloidin.- 2.5. Fluorescence Microscopy.- 2.6. Specificity of Fluorescent-Phalloidin Stain.- 2.7. Photography.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. Fluorescent Phalloidin Permits Quantitation of Actin Patterns.- 3.2. Tumorigenicity and Fluorescent-Phalloidin Patterns.- 3.3. Organization of Actin in Human Skin Fibroblasts.- 3.4. Asymptomatic Children of Patients with Adenomatosis of the Colon and Rectum.- 3.5. Actin Organization vs. Age of Patients.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 2 The Mechanism of Actin-Filament Assembly and Cross-Linking.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Structure.- 3. Filament Structure.- 4. Filament Formation.- 5. Regulation of Actin Polymerization.- 6. Actin-Filament Networks.- 7. Structure of Actin-Filament Gels.- 8. Actin-Microtubule Interactions.- 9. Perspectives.- References.- 3 A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Examination of ACTH-Induced "Roundingup" in Triton X-100 Cytoskeleton Residues of Cultured Adrenal Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 2.1. Cells.- 2.2. Methods.- 3. Results and Discussions.- References.- 4 The Role of Tubulin in Steroidogenesis of Mouse Adrenal Y-l Cells and Rat Leydig CCL 43 Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 2.1. Cell Lines.- 2.2. Antibodies and Indirect Immunofluorescence.- 2.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy.- 2.4. Cell Fractionation.- 3. Observations.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 5 Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Study Cytoskeleton.- 6 Interaction of Calcium -Calmodulin in Microtubule Assembly in Vitro.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 2.1. Preparation of Microtubule Protein.- 2.2. Preparation of Calmodulin.- 2.3. Assay of Microtubule Polymerization.- 2.4. Stellazine.- 2.5. Other Procedures.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 7 Microtubules in Adult Mammalian Muscle.- 8 Microtubules and Heart-Cell Contraction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Inhibition of Myocyte Contraction.- 3.2. Relationship of Microtubules and Myocyte Contraction.- 3.3. Intercellular Organization.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 9 The Association of Creatine Phosphokinase with the Mitotic Spindle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material and Methods.- 2.1. Myocyte Isolation.- 2.2. Immunocytochemistry.- 2.3. Cold Treatment of Cells.- 2.4. Microscopy.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Prophase.- 3.2. Prometaphase.- 3.3. Metaphase.- 3.4. Anaphase.- 3.5. Telophase.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 10 Cytoskeletal Defects in Avian Muscular Dystrophy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 11 The Structure of Vertebrate Skeletal-Muscle Myosin Filaments.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Subfilament Spacing.- 3. Parallel Subfilaments.- 4. Threefold Symmetry.- 5. Subfilament Arrangement and Number.- 6. Sources of Artifacts.- 7. Minifilaments.- 8. Tapered Ends of the Filaments.- 9. Differences in Structure along the Length of the Filaments.- 9.1. Optical-Diffraction Studies of Transverse Sections.- 9.2. Restriction of C-Protein Binding to Specific Positions along Only a Portion of the Filament.- 9.3. Restriction of Specific Anti-Light Meromyosin Staining to Only a Portion of the Filament.- 9.4. Filament Length as a Function of KCl Concentration.- 10. Modeling.- 10.1. Organizational Units of Structure.- 10.2. Speculations on Structural Differences along the Filament.- References.- 12 Cross-Bridge Movement and the Conformational State of the Myosin Hinge in Skeletal Muscle.- 13 The Regulation of Myosin-Light-Chain Synthesis in Heterokaryons between Differentiated and Undifferentiated Myogenic Cells.- 14 Phosphorylation of Myosin and the Regulation of Smooth-Muscle Actomyosin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Contractile Apparatus.- 2.1. Content of Contractile Proteins.- 2.2. Properties of the Contractile Proteins.- 3. Regulation.- 3.1. Requirement for Regulation.- 3.2. Phosphorylation Theory of Regulation.- 3.3. Leiotonin Theory of Regulation.- 3.4. Summary of the Regulatory Mechanism in Smooth Muscle.- References.- 15 Three-Dimensional Structure of Muscle Membranes Involved in the Regulation of Contraction in Skeletal-Muscle Fibers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- References.- 16 Mechanism of the Apparent Inhibitory Effect ofMgp2+ and Cap2+ on the Actomyosin MgATPase in Relation to the L2 Light Chain.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 17 Actin Activation of Phosphorylated Aortic Myosin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 18 The Regulation of Cardiac-Muscle Contraction by Troponin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cap2+ Binding to Cardiac Troponin (CTn) and the Regulation of Contraction.- 2.1. Cap2+ Binding to Cardiac Troponin, Troponin-C, and Troponin C-Troponin-I Complex.- 2.2. Relationship of Troponin Cap2+ Binding to the Activation of Myofibrillar ATPase.- 2.3. Role of Cyclic-AMP-Dependent Phosphorylation of CTnl in the Regulation of Muscle Contraction.- 3. Interactions of Cardiac-Thin-Filament Proteins in the Regulation of Muscle Contraction.- References.- 19 Fluorescent-Probe Studies of Contractile Proteins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physical Principles of Fluorescence Techniques.- 2.1. Background.- 2.2. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay.- 2.3. Polarized Fluorescence from Fibers.- 3. Experiments on Myosin and Its Complexes.- 3.1. Background.- 3.2. Segmental Flexibility of Subfragment-1.- 3.3. Lack of Effect of Cap2+ on the Thick Filaments.- 3.4. Mobility and Orientation of Subfragment-1 Moieties in Myofibrils and Muscle.- 4. Summary.- References.- 20 Myosin Flexibility.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Sliding-Filament Model and Myosin Flexibility.- 2. Hinge between Subfragment-1 and the Rod.- 2.1. Studies on Single Molecules.- 2.2. Studies on Synthetic Filaments and Whole Muscle.- 3. Flexibility within the Rod.- 3.1. Evidence for Flexibility.- 3.2. Evidence That Bending Is Limited.- 3.3. Discussion on Rod Flexibility.- 4. Summary.- References.