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This file contains translations of the following works:

Hesiod: "Works and Days", "The Theogony", fragments of "The Catalogues of Women and the Eoiae", "The Shield of Heracles" (attributed to Hesiod), and fragments of various works attributed to Hesiod.

Homer: "The Homeric Hymns", "The Epigrams of Homer" (both attributed to Homer).

Various: Fragments of the Epic Cycle (parts of which are sometimes attributed to Homer), fragments of other epic poems attributed to Homer, "The Battle of Frogs and Mice", and "The Contest of Homer and Hesiod".

This file contains only that portion of the book in English; Greek texts are excluded.  Where Greek characters appear in the original English text, transcription in CAPITALS is substituted.

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

THE WORKS OF HESIOD

WORKS AND DAYS (832 lines)

THE DIVINATION BY BIRDS (fragments)

THE ASTRONOMY (fragments)

THE PRECEPTS OF CHIRON (fragments)

THE GREAT WORKS (fragments)

THE IDAEAN DACTYLS (fragments)

THE THEOGONY (1,041 lines)

THE CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE (fragments) (1)

THE SHIELD OF HERACLES (480 lines)

THE MARRIAGE OF CEYX (fragments)

THE GREAT EOIAE (fragments)

THE MELAMPODIA (fragments)

AEGIMIUS (fragments)

FRAGMENTS OF UNKNOWN POSITION

WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO HOMER

THE HOMERIC HYMNS

HOMER'S EPIGRAMS (1)

THE WAR OF THE TITANS (fragments)

THE STORY OF OEDIPUS (fragments)

THE EPIGONI (fragments)

THE CYPRIA (fragments)

THE AETHIOPIS (fragments)

THE LITTLE ILIAD (fragments)

THE SACK OF ILIUM (fragments)

THE RETURNS (fragments)

THE TELEGONY (fragments)

THE EXPEDITION OF AMPHIARAUS (fragments)

THE TAKING OF OECHALIA (fragments)

THE PHOCAIS (fragments)

THE MARGITES (fragments)

THE CERCOPES (fragments)

THE BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE (303 lines)

OF THE ORIGIN OF HOMER AND HESIOD, AND OF THEIR CONTEST (aka "The Contest of Homer and Hesiod")

PREFACE

This volume contains practically all that remains of the post- Homeric and pre-academic epic poetry.

I have for the most part formed my own text.  In the case of Hesiod I have been able to use independent collations of several MSS. by Dr. W.H.D. Rouse; otherwise I have depended on the apparatus criticus of the several editions, especially that of Rzach (1902).  The arrangement adopted in this edition, by which the complete and fragmentary poems are restored to the order in which they would probably have appeared had the Hesiodic corpus survived intact, is unusual, but should not need apology; the true place for the "Catalogues" (for example), fragmentary as they are, is certainly after the "Theogony".

In preparing the text of the "Homeric Hymns" my chief debt -- and it is a heavy one -- is to the edition of Allen and Sikes (1904) and to the series of articles in the "Journal of Hellenic Studies" (vols. xv.sqq.) by T.W. Allen.  To the same scholar and to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press I am greatly indebted for permission to use the restorations of the "Hymn to Demeter", lines 387-401 and 462-470, printed in the Oxford Text of 1912.

Of the fragments of the Epic Cycle I have given only such as seemed to possess distinct importance or interest, and in doing so have relied mostly upon Kinkel's collection and on the fifth volume of the Oxford Homer (1912).

The texts of the "Batrachomyomachia" and of the "Contest of Homer and Hesiod" are those of Baumeister and Flach respectively: where I have diverged from these, the fact has been noted.

Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Rampton, NR. Cambridge. Sept. 9th, 1914.

INTRODUCTION

General

The early Greek epic -- that is, poetry as a natural and popular, and not (as it became later) an artificial and academic literary form -- passed through the usual three phases, of development, of maturity, and of decline.

No fragments which can be identified as belonging to the first period survive to give us even a general idea of the history of the earliest epic, and we are therefore thrown back upon the evidence of analogy from other forms of literature and of inference from the two great epics which have come down to us.  So reconstructed, the earliest period appears to us as a time of slow development in which the characteristic epic metre, diction, and structure grew up slowly from crude elements and were improved until the verge of maturity was reached.

The second period, which produced the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", needs no description here: but it is very important to observe the effect of these poems on the course of post-Homeric epic.  As the supreme perfection and universality of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey" cast into oblivion whatever pre-Homeric poets had essayed, so these same qualities exercised a paralysing influence over the successors of Homer.  If they continued to sing like their great predecessor of romantic themes, they were drawn as by a kind of magnetic attraction into the Homeric style and manner of treatment, and became mere echoes of the Homeric voice: in a word, Homer had so completely exhausted the epic genre, that after him further efforts were doomed to be merely conventional.  Only the rare and exceptional genius of Vergil and Milton could use the Homeric medium without loss of individuality: and this quality none of the later epic poets seem to have possessed.  Freedom from the domination of the great tradition could only be found by seeking new subjects, and such freedom was really only illusionary, since romantic subjects alone are suitable for epic treatment.

In its third period, therefore, epic poetry shows two divergent tendencies.  In Ionia and the islands the epic poets followed the Homeric tradition, singing of romantic subjects in the now stereotyped heroic style, and showing originality only in their choice of legends hitherto neglected or summarily and imperfectly treated.  In continental...