Experiencing Jazz, with CD-ROM

Richard (Rick) Lawn is Dean of the College of Performing Arts at The University of the Arts. Formerly, Rick was affiliated with the University of Texas at Austin where he served as Director of Jazz Studies, Chair of the Department of Music, and Associate Dean for academic affairs. He also served as Director of the Center for Advanced Studies in the Arts at UT. Before joining the Texas faculty he was Director of Jazz Studies at the University of Northern Iowa and began his teaching career in the Oneonta, NY public school system and Hartwick College. Rick holds undergraduate and graduate degrees from the Eastman School of Music where he specialized in woodwind performance and jazz studies. His primary teachers have been Rayburn Wright, Manny Albam, Chuck Mangione and William Osseck. Rick has received several notable composition grants from the National Endowment of the Arts and, as a member of the Nova Saxophone Quartet, has recorded on the Musical Heritage Society, Crystal and Equilibrium labels. The Sea Breeze record label issued Unknown Soldiers, a CD recorded by the Third Coast Jazz Orchestra featuring his compositions and arrangements. It has received favorable reviews in Cadence Magazine and The Austin American Statesman. Kendor Music, CL Barnhouse, Walrus Music, Concept Music, Alfred Music, Dorn, and UNC Press music among others publish his music. His arrangement of Donna Lee was recorded by Bobby Sanabrias New York Latin big band on his 2001 Grammy nominated CD. Ricks books entitled The Jazz Ensemble Directors Manual and Jazz Theory and Practice (that includes interactive software) have become staples among jazz educators and students. Ensembles under his direction have won acclaim at national conferences and festivals throughout the US and Europe. Performing experiences include extended engagements with Lionel Hampton, Chuck Mangione, the Rochester Philharmonic, and the Austin Symphony among others. He has performed in back-up orchestras for Dizzy Gillespie, Joe Williams, Natalie Cole, Marian McPartland, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Dianne Schuur, Rosemary Clooney and a host of others. The Selmer Company has sponsored Ricks performances and clinics and in 2004 he was elected to serve as Treasurer of the International Association for Jazz Education.

PREFACEPART I Understanding JazzChapter 1 The Nature of Jazz That Four Letter WordDefining JazzJazz Styles TimelineChapter SummaryChapter 2 The Elements of JazzRhythmMeter and TempoRhythmic Devices Important to JazzSwing as an Aspect of Jazz RhythmMelodyBluesHarmonyTextureFormImprovisationSomething Borrowed - The European TraditionSomething New, Something Blue - The Jazz TraditionChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 3 Listening to Jazz Performance Practice Instruments of JazzThe Drum Set and SwingA Jazz Veteran Discusses the Rhythm SectionOrchestration and InstrumentationThe ArrangementInstrumental TechniquesSpecial Effects – The Sounds of JazzUnderstanding ImprovisationUnderstanding the PerformanceDescribing the PerformanceThe Jam SessionWhat Happens in a Jam Session?Video BluesChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 4 The Roots of JazzOut of Africa: The Significance of African Music to JazzMusical AestheticRhythm in African MusicMelody in African MusicAfrican Music as a Means of CommunicationImprovisation in African MusicForm in African MusicEarly American Vocal MusicGetting the BluesW.C. Handy -“Father of the Blues” (1873-1958)RagtimeBrass BandsJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningPART II Classic Jazz Chapter 5 Jazz Takes RootNew Orleans-The Birthplace of JazzDixieland Jazz Band InstrumentationEarly Artists and Their RecordingsOriginal Dixieland Jazz BandKid Ory (1890-1973)Joe “King” Oliver (1885-1938)Jelly Roll Morton (1890-1941)Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)Sidney Bechet (1897-1959)The PianistsJames P. Johnson (1891-1955)The Reception of Early JazzJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 6 The Jazz Age: From Chicago to New YorkSouth Side of ChicagoAnd On the Other Side of TownThe Chicago SoundNew Orleans Rhythm Kings (N.O.R.K.)A Few Among ManyBix Beiderbecke (1903-1931) and Frankie Trumbauer (1901-1956)Paul Whiteman ( 1890-1967) and Symphonic JazzBoogie-Woogie, Eight to the BarChicago Jazz in RetrospectThe Decline of the Chicago EraNew York and the Harlem RenaissanceMarketing JazzJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 7 The Swing Era: Jazz at Its PeakThe Depths of the DepressionThe Country RecoversThe Anatomy of Swing Era Jazz BandInstrumentationRepertoire and ArrangementSwing in the EastFletcher Henderson (1897-1952)Coleman Hawkins-“The Father of Jazz Tenor Saxophone” (1904-1969)Elegant Ellington (1899-1974): Music Was His Mistress Benny Goodman-The “King of Swing” (1909-1986)Popular White Swing BandsArtie ShawJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 8 Mid-West Swing and A Few More Among ManyMid-West and Southwest SwingTerritory BandsMary Lou Williams (1910-1981)Kansas CityWilliam “Count” Basie (1904-1984)Lester Young (1909-1959)The Success of Big BandsA Few More Among Many: The Swing Era Singers and PianistsBillie Holiday (1915-1959)Ella Fitzgerald (1918-1996): The First Lady of SongArt Tatum (1909-1956)Traditional Jazz RevivalConclusionJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningPART III Modern Jazz Chapter 9 The Bebop RevolutionThe End of An EraSummaryThe Life-Style and Musical CharacteristicsThe Birth of Bebop: The First RecordingsCharacteristics of the StyleBebop Performance Practice and Instrumental Roles RedefinedA Few Among ManyThe Horn PlayersDizzy Gillespie (1917-1993)Charlie Parker (1920-1955)J.J. Johnson (1924-2001)Dexter Gordon (1923-1990)Sonny Rollins (b1930)Fats Navarro (1923-1950)The Rhythm Section PlayersBud Powell (1924-1966)Thelonious Sphere Monk (1917-82)Tadd Dameron (1917-1965)Oscar Pettiford (1922-1960)Kenny Clarke (1914-1985)Max Roach (b 1924)Sarah Vaughan: The “Devine One” ((1924 – 1990)The Decline of BebopJazz in PerspectiveAppendix Chapter SummaryAppendixStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 10 Be Cool: Fifties and Early Sixties Cool, Intellectual and Abstract JazzCharacteristics of Cool JazzWest and East Coast Musicians Who Developed the Cool SoundMiles Davis and Gil Evans: The Birth of the CoolGerry Mulligan (1927-1996) and Chet Baker (1929-1988)Dave Brubeck (b1920)Bill Evans (1929-1980)Stan Getz (1927-1991)A Few More Among ManyModern Jazz QuartetLennie Tristano (1919-1978)Third Stream JazzWho Was Popular?Staying Cool with Jazz in the 1950sJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningPART IV Post-Modern Jazz Chapter 11 Tradition Meets the Avant-Garde: Moderns and Early Post-Moderns Coexist The Characteristics of Hard Bop Art Blakey Carries the Message (1919-1990)The MessengersMore About Funky, Soul-Jazz and the `50s and `60sOrgan Trios and the GuitarWes Montgomery (1923-1968)Jimmy Smith (b1925)Clifford Brown (1930-1956) and Max Roach (b1924)Defining Post-ModernismPost-Modern Jazz Comes of Age With Ornette Coleman (b1930) and His DisciplesCharles Mingus (1922-1979) -The UnderdogThe End of Modern Jazz Heralded by the Beginning of the Post-ModernsJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 12 Miles and Miles of Miles: Miles Davis and His SidemenThe 1960s: An Age of Peace, Love and WarThe MusicThe Early MilesThe First Great QuintetModal JazzMiles and GilThe Second Great QuintetThe Electronic Jazz-Rock Fusion PeriodMiles Davis SummaryThe Davis Sidemen Become Major Forces John Coltrane (1926-1967)John Coltrane SummaryWayne Shorter (b1933)Herbie Hancock (b 1940)Jazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 13 The Electric 1970s and 1980sJazz and Rock: The two-way connectionMiles Beyond: Living in the Shadow of Miles DavisWeather ReportHerbie Hancock and the Head HuntersJohn McLaughlin (b1942) and the Mahavishnu OrchestraChick Corea (b1941) and Return to ForeverSoul and Pop Instrumental JazzDavid Sanborn (b1945)The Brecker BrothersGrover Washington, Jr. (1943-1999)Chuck Mangione (b1940)Steps AheadJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 14 The Unplugged, Eclectic 1970s and 1980s Long Live Acoustic JazzThe ECM SoundKeith Jarrett (b1945)Return of Ex-Patriots Unleash a Return of Acoustic JazzWynton Marsalis (b1961) and the Young LionsThe Freedom Fighters Take RisksAnthony Braxton (b1945)Cecil Taylor (b1929)Ornette ColemanOld Bottles, New Wines-Big Bands are ForeverBuddy Rich (1917-1987)Woody Herman (1913-1987)Maynard Ferguson (b1928)Stan Kenton (1911-1979)Thad Jones (1923-1986) and Mel Lewis (1929-1990)Toshiko Akiyoshi (b1929)Signs of the TimesNew Technologies, Changing Business Models, Lost Artists and High Art: The Changing Jazz Landscape as the Millennium Comes to a CloseJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 15 Jazz At The Close Of The CenturyThe Musical TrendsLarge Ensemble CompositionRediscovery Figures, Reissues and TributesPreservationistsPost Avant-Garde ExperimentalistsJazz-Lite—Popular Instrumental JazzThe Return of the Chanteuse and the CroonerWorld MusicMature Artists Offer Seasoned JazzContemporary Jazz ScholarshipProfile of the Twenty First Century Jazz MusicianClosing ThoughtsJazz in PerspectiveChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningChapter 16 The Afro-Latin and Caribbean ConnectionEarly FusionsModern Jazz Embraces the Afro-Cuban SpiritPost-Modern ExchangesThe Beat Goes OnChapter SummaryStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary ListeningAppendix I: GLOSSARY OF TERMSAppendix II: SUGGESTED JAZZ DVDS AND VIDEOSAppendix III: CHAPTER NOTES AND ADDITIONAL SOURCESSupplementary Chapter Found on CD-ROMChapter 17 The Relationship of Jazz to Western Classical Music: A Two-Way ConnectionEarly JazzModern Classical Composers Embrace JazzThird Stream JazzJazz Interpretations of Classical ScoresJazz and Film MusicModern Jazz Artists Embrace Classical MusicJazz Players Who Perform Classical MusicCurrent Events in Modern TimesStudy QuestionsSuggested Supplementary Listening