Music of Latin America and the Caribbean

Chapter 1: Latin American Music: An Overview

Introduction

Indigenous Cultures Before 1492



Pre-Columbian Music

1492 and the Advent of Syncretism



The White Legend and the Black Legend
The Emergence of Mestizo Culture
Mestizo Music
European Culture in America
The Emergence of African Culture
Religious Syncretism

Modern Native Societies

·        Indigenous Music Today

Latin America Today

 

 

Chapter 2: The Classical Tradition

Introduction

The Colonial Period



Colonial Church Music
Instrumental Music
Musical Syncretism
TheVillancico
Art Music in Colonial Brazil
The American Baroque
Colonial Opera
The Fall of the Colonial System

The Nineteenth Century: Romanticism in America



Romantic Opera

The Twentieth Century: Nationalism in America



The Aztec Renaissance
Brazil
Argentina
Other Nationalist Styles



Latin American Modernism

 

Chapter 3: Mexico

Introduction

Historical Overview



The Mayas and Other Early Mexican Cultures
The Aztecs

Aztec Instruments







Aztec Music





The Conquest and the Colonial Period



Mexican Independence

Mexican Celebrations



Patriotic and Religious Celebrations
Day of the Dead

Mexican Native Traditions



Modern Maya Music
Modern Aztec Music

Los Concheros


Other Native Traditions

Mexican Folk Music



Canción
Orquesta Típica
Mexican Dances
The Son

Regional Traditions



Southeastern Mexico

Danzón and Bolero
Son Jarocho
Son Huapango
The Marimba


Central and Western Mexico

The Charro
Canción Ranchera and Mariachi
Son, Jarabe and Bolero


The Borderland Region

Corrido
Dueto Singing
Norteño and Conjunto
Tejano and Tex-Mex
Banda



Popular Music in Mexico



Música Tropical
Pop
Nueva Trova

 

 

Chapter 4: The Spanish-Speaking Caribbean

Introduction to the Caribbean



Caribbean History
Caribbean Culture
Native Musical Traditions
African Religions and Rituals
Modern Caribbean Music

Cuba



Introduction
Historical Overview
Instruments and Elements of Cuban Music
The African Roots of Cuban Music

Santería
Other Afro-Cuban Rhythms


The Spanish Roots of Cuban Music
Cuban Dance Music

Son Montuno


The Cuban Song Tradition: Trova and Bolero
Cuban Music Leaves the Island
Cuban Music Since the Revolution

Nueva Trova
Salsa
The 1990s



Puerto Rico



Historical Overview
Spanish Roots: Jíbaro Music

Décima and Seis
Aguinaldo
Danza


African Roots

o       Vejigantes

o       Bomba

o       Plena





Bomba and Plena in the 20th Century



·   Puerto Rican Popular Music ·   Reggaetón The Dominican Republic



Afro-Dominican Styles

Palos
Cocolos


Syncretic Styles

Merengue
Bachata



 

Chapter 5: The English- & French-Speaking Caribbean

Jamaica

·   Afro-Jamaican Traditions o       Maroon Nation: Obeah o       Bongo Nation: Kumina o       Revival Zion and Pocomania o       Rastafarianism o       Rastafarian Music o       Jonkonnu ·   Jamaican Popular Music o       Harry Belafonte o       Mento o       Ska o       Rocksteady o       Reggae o       Bob Marley and The Wailers o       Dub Music o       Dancehall and Ragga Trinidad ·   Trinidadian Carnival ·   Early Song Forms: Kalinda and Lavway ·   Calypso ·   Tamboo Bamboo ·   Steel Pan ·   Soca ·   Rapso ·   Parang ·   Chutney   The French-Speaking Caribbean Haiti



Historical Overview
Sidebar: Négritude and Haitian Art
Vodou
Rará
Secular Dances
Compas andCadence

Martinique and Guadeloupe



Drumming in the French Antilles
African-Derived Dances

Bamboula
Kalinda
Bélé
Gwo ka


European-Derived Dances
Carnival
Zouk
Contemporary Trends

 

The Garífuna



Garífuna Music
Punta Rock

 

 

Chapter 6: Brazil Introduction



Historical Overview
Saudade
Religious Syncretism

The Roots of Brazilian Music



Brazilian Musical Instruments
Afro-Brazilian Folk Dances
Capoeira

Carnival



History of Brazilian Carnival
Samba
The Escolas de Samba
Carnival Today

The Northeast



Baião andFossa
Forro

Other Rural Styles

Musica Popular Brasileira



Modinha, Lundu andMaxixe
Choro
The Golden Age of Musica Popular Brasileira
TheBossa Nova Phenomenon
After the Bossa Nova
Tropicália
The Post-Tropicália Explosion

 

 

Chapter 7: Colombia & Venezuela

Introduction to South America

Colombia



Historical Overview
Music of The Interior

Bambuco


The Caribbean Coast

Cumbia
Modern Cumbia
Porro
Vallenato


The Pacific Coast

Currulao


Popular Styles

Salsa
Champeta



Venezuela



Historical Overview
Venezuelan Instruments
Música Llanera 

Joropo


Venezuelan Christmas Music

Parranda and Aguinaldo
Gaita


Afro-Venezuelan Music

San Juan Bautista
San Benito el Moro
San Antonio de Padua
Corpus Christi


Caribbean Styles

Calipso
Música Tropical



 

 

Chapter 8: The Andean Region

Introduction

The Incas



Inca Music

The Modern Andean Region



Andean Music
General Characteristics
Andean Instruments





Notched Flutes
Panpipes
Other Wind Instruments
Charango
Drums
Percussion
Other Andean Instruments


Andean Ensembles
Andean Rituals

Inti Raimi
La Fiesta del Apóstol Santiago
La Fiesta del Gran Poder
Pachallampe


Andean Song: Yaraví
Andean Dances

Huayno
Sanjuán
Danza de las Tijeras
Carnival Dances


Andean Music in a Modern Context

 

Peru



Historical Introduction
Afro-Peruvian Music
Música Criolla

Criollo Songs
Criollo Dances

Tondero
Zamacueca andMarinera
Vals Criollo andPolca Criolla


Estudiantinas


Peruvian Popular Music

Chicha



 

 

Chapter 9: The Southern Cone Region

Introduction

Argentina



Historical Overview
The Gaucho

Payada
Milonga


Tango

Origins
Guardia Vieja
Guardia Nueva

Carlos Gardel
After Gardel


Nuevo Tango

Ástor Piazzolla




Other Folk Dances and Songs

Zamba
Chacarera
Chamamé


Música Tropical

Cuarteto
Bailanta
Cumbia Villera



Chile



The Huaso
Chilean Folk Songs

Poetas Populares
Tonada


Folk Dances: Cueca
The Popularization of Chilean Folk Music
Nueva Canción

Origins
Nueva Canción’s Political Outlook
The Peak of Nueva Canción
The 1973 Coup d’État
Canto Nuevo
The 1990s