Growing Songwriting

Clint Randles is Associate Professor of Music Education at the University of South Florida, where he teaches courses at the intersection of contemporary musicianship, creativity, philosophy, and popular music. His work centers on the development of innovative curricular practice. He enjoys performing on guitar and singing as a part of his role as Director of Contemporary Worship at a church in Tampa.

Acknowledgements
Prologue

INTRO

Chapter 1-An Orientation to Growing Songwriting
- WATER: When Inspiration Comes
It's About Growing
- SUNLIGHT: Finding Your Sound in the Sound of Others
- SUNLIGHT: The Power of Being Vulnerable
- SUNLIGHT: What Makes Gardening So Rewarding?
Being and Becoming a Master Gardener
The Health of Your Plants (Students) is Priority One
- WATER: Stevie Wonder's Baby Ruth Candy Bars
Skill-Building: Part of Your Focus
WATER: Ben Gibbard Treats Songwriting Like "Going to Work"
- A Process
- WATER: 10 Tips on Songwriting from Bob Dylan
- SUNLIGHT: Five-Minute Thinking
Discovering Grooves: Opening the Door to their Creativities
- WATER: The Decline of Improvisation in Classical Music
- SUNLIGHT: Improvisation Can Change Who You Are
Finding Harmonic Progressions
- WATER: "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
- SUNLIGHT: Thinking of Your Own Chord Progression
Discovering Melodies
Chord-based melodies.
Scale-based melodies.
- Monotone melodies.
- In Practice
- WATER: Paul McCartney and "Yesterday"
- SUNLIGHT: 9 Tips for Writing Melodies
Writing Lyrics
- WATER: Asbury Park, N.J.
- SUNLIGHT: Tips for Writing Better Lyrics
- Object Writing
- Song Maps
The Addiction Formula
Lessons From Jeff Tweedy
Sweden and Popular Music: A Model for Your Classroom
- Global Circulation of Music
- Favorable Reputation
- A Global-Local Hybrid
A Few More Big Ideas Before Getting Started
- Keep a Journal
- Study the Mechanics
- Get Help from People Who are Smarter Than You
- Keep Trying to Figure Out "Why?"
Resources Worth Exploring


PART I-COVERING SONGS

Chapter 2-Borrowing from Our Heroes
It All Starts with the Music We Love
- WATER: Elvis Presley's Musical Influences
- SUNLIGHT: Daily Listening
Guiding Principles
1. Let them choose their songs most of the time.
- SUNLIGHT: The Power of Choice
2. Try to understand the genres, styles, and artists that make up your students' musical universe.
- WATER: Kendrick Lamar's Musical Universe
3. Know that your students' songwriting style will in many ways begin with their musical heroes.
- SUNLIGHT: Make a List
4. As they find their niche and as you begin to understand where they come from musically, expose them to artists and sounds that might have inspired their style.
- WATER: It Might Get Loud
5. Help them find keys for the songs that fit their vocal range.
- SUNLIGHT: Vocal Range
6. Help them discover better ways to perform the chords and riffs that are required of particular songs.
- WATER: Unique Ways of Playing
7. Help them in any way that you can realize their vision for their cover songs.
- SUNLIGHT: Five Tips for Making a Song Your Own
8. Be prepared to play any parts that are missing to help them realize their vision for the arrangement of a song.
- WATER: Performing Along with Your Students
9. Think about what your students' emerging style based on their musical interests might mean for the community that you serve.
- SUNLIGHT: Community Music
10. In what ways can you celebrate and use their heroes to teach the rest of the class something of value.
- WATER: The Musical Influences of Michael Jackson
Benefits from Learning Cover Songs
1. Cover songs help you test yourself.
2. You get to learn other styles.
3. You get to learn YOUR style.
4. You get to generate more listenership.
5. You get to work more with others.
6. Cover songs help you get gigs!
A Process for Covering Songs
1. Learn the Song Correctly
2. Respect the Original Artist
3. Learn the Lyrics
4. Watch Live Performances
5. Practice with a Metronome
6. Practice a Lot
7. Record Yourself
8. Make It Your Own
9. Use Transpositions
10. Play It Like It's the First Time Every Time
Writing Your Best Music Starts with Covering the Music That You Love
Resources Worth Exploring

SEEDS FOR COVER SONG LESSONS

Chapter 3-Beginner
A Song That Makes You Happy
- SUNLIGHT: Some of the Happiest Songs Ever Made
- WATER: "Summertime": The Most Covered Song of All Time
Songs About Being Sad
- SUNLIGHT: Some of the Saddest Songs Ever Written
- WATER: The Story of "Everybody Hurts"

Chapter 4-Intermediate
Work Up Your Favorite Song
- SUNLIGHT: Your Favorite Artist's Favorite Songs
- WATER: "Seven Nation Army"
Songs That Drive Us Crazy
- SUNLIGHT: Ear Worms
- WATER: "My Humps"

Chapter 5-Advanced
Take The Song in Another Direction
- SUNLIGHT: Best Cover Songs of All Time
- WATER: Johnny Cash and "Hurt"
Making a Mash-Up of at Least Two Songs
- SUNLIGHT: Thinking About Theme and Structure
- WATER: The Beatles Cirque Du Soleil Show

PART II-THE MIDDLE GROUND

Chapter 6-The Space Between
- WATER: Dave Matthews Band
- WATER: Michael Jackson's First Solo Album
Middle Ground Thinking
- Advice for Master Gardeners
- Skill-Building Still Central to Daily Practice
- Making the Turn
- SUNLIGHT: Wisdom for Growing: Five Chinese Proverbs
- SUNLIGHT: Advice About Staying Alert on Long Car Rides
Do Your Homework
- Practice What You Preach
- Consult The Sourcebooks
- Keep a Journal and Save Student Work
Their Best Work is Just Around the Corner
Other Ways to Think about the Middle Ground
- WATER: Daniel Kim
- SUNLIGHT: The Best Remixes of All Time
Technology in the Middle Ground
- Stems
- DJ Hardware/Software
- WATER: Artist "Kittens" and her Gear
- SUNLIGHT: A Step-by-step Introduction to Digital DJing
- Hip Hop and Sampling
- WATER: Paul's Boutique
Middle Ground Workgroups
1. Song(s) Choice
2a. Groove Production
3a. Listeners' Feedback
4. Recording Musicians
3b. Listeners' Feedback
5. Production/Engineering
3c. Listeners' Feedback
6. Performers
3d. Listeners' Feedback
Resources Worth Exploring

SEEDS FOR MIDDLE GROUND LESSONS

Chapter 7-Beginner
Your First Remix
- WATER: The Story of Sickick's Remix of Madonna's "Frozen"
- SUNLIGHT: New Skills to Practice

Chapter 8-Intermediate
Doing Some Sampling
- WATER: A Lesson from Kanye West
- SUNLIGHT: Most Iconic Samples of All Time

Chapter 9-Advanced
Next Level Thievery
- WATER: The Weekend's "Out of Time" Sampled a Popular Japanese Song
- SUNLIGHT: You Can Change the Key and Tempo of Samples

PART III-SONGWRITING

Chapter 10-Developing an Artist Voice
- WATER: Rick Rubin
- SUNLIGHT: Plans and Happy Accidents
Songwriting Journals are Essential
- WATER: Eddie Vedder's Notebooks
Lyrical Beginnings
- Object Writing
- Nouns and Verbs Ladders
Musical Beginnings
Melody
- WATER: Elton John and Bernie Taupin
- Chord Progressions
- SUNLIGHT: "Musician on a Mission"-New Zealand
- Riffs and Tracks
- Tonal Cues
Developmental Techniques
- Musical Flow
- Contrast
- Suspense
- Points of reference
- Climax
Organization: Song Maps
- Tension/Response
- Problem/Declaration
- Timezones
- Places
- Roles
- Twist
- Literal/Figural
Using a DAW During the Creative Process
- Flow Chart for Writing a Song Using a DAW
- Old Thinking and New Technology
- SUNLIGHT: Song Exploder
Songwriting Workgroups
- WATER: Motown
1. Idea Generation
- SUNLIGHT: Suspend Judgement
2a. Lyric Writing
2b. Music Writing
- WATER: Cheiron Studios
3a. Listeners' Feedback
- SUNLIGHT: John Kratus
4. Recordings
- WATER: The Engineers of Abbey Road Studios
3b. Listeners' Feedback
- WATER: Dr. Dre's Musical Magicians
5. Production/Engineering
3c. Listeners' Feedback
6. Performers
3d. Listeners' Feedback
Resources Worth Exploring

SEEDS FOR SONGWRITING LESSONS

Chapter 11-Beginner
Object Writing as a Place to Start
- WATER: Red Hot Mojo Rising
- SUNLIGHT: The Power of Collaboration
Start With Word Ladders: Nouns and Verbs
- WATER: "It's Tricky"
- SUNLIGHT: Beatles Tips for Mixing Things Up
Start With a Riff
- WATER: "Walk This Way"
- SUNLIGHT: Most Memorable Riffs of All Time

Chapter 12-Intermediate
Using "Song Maps"
- WATER: Keep It Simple
- SUNLIGHT: Following a Recipe
A Song in the Style of Reggae
- WATER: Bob Marley's Inspiration for "Three Little Birds"
- SUNLIGHT: Chronicling the Best Reggae Songs of All Time
Stealing Words from a Book
- WATER: Nas and Wordsmithing
- SUNLIGHT: Rhyming Dictionary Bliss

Chapter 13-Advanced
Don't Be Yourself
- WATER: Becoming Ziggy Stardust
- SUNLIGHT: Seeing Through Other People's Eyes
Experimental Rhymes
- WATER: Approaching 8-Mile
- SUNLIGHT: Dreaming and Scheming
Cut-Up Technique(s)
- WATER: John Lennon's Practice: "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away"
- SUNLIGHT: Cut-Up Technique in Literature

OUTRO

Chapter 14-A Whole New World of Original Songs
- SUNLIGHT: Viktor Frankel and Living a Meaningful Life
- WATER: Stevie Wonder and Spirituality
- WATER: U2 and Longevity
Finding Your Way
- Tech or No Tech
- A Lowell Mason Spirit
- Baseline Musicianship
- SUNSHINE: George Washington Carver's Focus on Science and The Arts
- The Power of Collaboration
- WATER: Linkin Park and Jay-Z
- SUNLIGHT: About Chemical Reactions
- WATER: The Motor City Five (MC5)
- SUNLIGHT: Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, and a Love of Plants
Study the Systems: An Automobile Analogy
- Drive Train
- Fuel System
- Ignition System
- Electrical System
Cooling System
- Braking System
- Suspension System
- Steering System
Master Gardener Similitude
Focusing on Healthy Plants
Skill-Building: Spend Your Time Wisely
- Discovering Grooves
- Finding Harmonic Progressions
- Discovering Melodies
- Writing Lyrics
Final Words
Resources Worth Exploring

Index