Studies on Authorship in Historical Keyboard Music

Andrew Woolley is a musicologist and Invited Researcher at CESEM, the Centre for the Study of the Sociology and Aesthetics of Music at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. He is currently co-investigator for the Portuguese-government, FCT-financed project, ‘Music paper and handwriting studies in Portugal (18th and 19th centuries): the case study of the collection of the Count of Redondo’.

List of figures

List of tables

List of music examples

List of contributors

List of abbreviations

Manuscript (RISM) Sigla

Introduction

ANDREW WOOLLEY

1 Conrad Paumann’s fundamentum? New light on authorship in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century instrumental music

AUGUST VALENTIN RABE

2 Authorship in sixteenth-century Italian printed keyboard music

CRISTINA CASSIA

3 Authorship and identity in early English keyboard music

DAVID J. SMITH

4 Authorship and improvisation in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century keyboard music

ANDREW WOOLLEY

5 Chronology, style and attribution in the early keyboard suites of J. S. Bach

FRANCIS KNIGHTS, PABLO PADILLA AND MATEO RODRIGUEZ

6 The authorship of BWV 565: Disputing former methodologies and assessing the evidence of five new manuscript sources

JOHN SCOTT WHITELEY

7 ‘Es fällt kein Meister vom Himmel’: W. F. Bach’s juvenilia and the methods of creative imitation

MATTHEW J. HALL

8 Many hands make light work: ‘Nel cor piu non mi sento’ and multiple layers of authorship at the keyboard

PENELOPE CAVE AND KATRINA FAULDS

9 Authorship and authenticity in John and William Crotch’s Original Airs (1803)

ALICE LITTLE

Index

List of Figures

Fig. 1.1. Conrad Paumann (Franz Trautmann, 1849)

Fig. 1.2. Franz Liszt (Josef Danhauser, 1840)

Fig. 5.1. First and second Principal Components of the melodic lines from the allemandes BWV 809, 816-817, 821, 829 and 832-833.

Fig. 5.2. First and second Principal Components of the bass lines from the allemandes BWV 809, 816-817, 821, 829 and 832-833.

Fig. 6.1. Kilian’s 1979 stemmata [A = ‘Autograph’].

Fig. 6.2. The only known instances of fermatas in the final bar of BWV 565/1. Upper left: Ritz (Mendelssohn) (reproduced by kind permission of The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, c.103, r1); lower left: Ringk (from Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: Digitised Collections, ); right: Rara II.134 (reproduced by kind permission of the Bach-Archiv, Leipzig).

Fig. 6.3. Rara II.134: BWV 565 showing Layers 1 and 2 (darker ink). Reproduced by kind permission of the Bach-Archiv, Leipzig.

Fig. 6.4. Voß titles. Upper: front cover incipit; lower: main page title. Reproduced by kind permission of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Musikabteilung mit Mendelssohn-Archiv.

Fig. 6.5. Revised stemmata for BWV 565.

Fig. 7.1. An opening in W. F. Bach’s Liber Exercitiorum, showing entries from February 1727 (D-EIb Mu. Nr. 6.1.3.1, pp. 82–3). Image: Bachhause und Museum, Eisenach, used by permission.

Fig. 7.2. Clavierbüchlein, fol. 7v; ‘Allemande.’, first system’s clefs, time signature, and pickup notes in the hand of J. S. Bach; otherwise in the hand of W. F. Bach. Image: Bach digital, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Fig. 7.3. Hypothesis for how W. F. Bach held the Clavierbüchlein open during model composition of BWV 924a. Photo illustration: the author; incorporated image: Bach digital, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Fig. 8.1. Stationers’ Hall register for July 1796, showing the registration of the Three Original Sonatas under both Dussek’s and Pleyel’s names by Corri, Dussek & Co., Stationers’ Company Archive, TSC/1/E/06/13, image reproduced with permission of the Stationers’ Company.
Fig. 8.2. Title page of Pleyel’s Three Original Sonatas, The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Mus. Instr. I, 194 (7), Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.
Fig. 8.3. Title page of Dussek’s Three Original Sonatas, © The British Library Board, Music Collections g.150.(7.).

Fig. 9.1. John and William Crotch’s Original Airs, p. 14 (exemplar: GB-NWr 11245).

Fig. 9.2. J. B. Crotch’s tunebook, GB-Lbl Add. MS 30272, p. 26 (fol. 17v), © The British Library Board, used with permission.

List of Tables

Table 1.1. The structures of Loc1 and Erl

Table 1.2. Synopsis of the structures of Bux6–8

Table 3.1. Genres of English secular keyboard music of the Byrd School

Table 3.2. Intabulation of English dances in manuscripts associated with Sweelinck and his students

Table 3.3. Ascriptions involving composers of original material and of keyboard settings in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book

Table 4.1. Summary of the sources for two voluntaries by Christopher Gibbons

Table 5.1. Bach’s major keyboard suite collections

Table 5.2. Miscellaneous early suites attributed to Bach.

Table 6.1. The manuscripts of BWV 565 known in 1979.

Table 6.2. The manuscripts of BWV 565 discovered since 1979.

Table 6.3. BWV 565: main differences in the readings of Ritz (Mendelssohn) and Ringk.

Table 6.4. BWV 565: different readings in Dröbs and Rara II.134 Layer 1.

Table 6.5. Different readings in BWV 565: Ringk and Rara II.134 Layer 1.

Table 6.6. Hallmark readings in [P] that are not found in [T]

Table 7.1. Wilhelm Friedemann Bach’s commonplace books, 1723–1727

Table 7.2. Chronological sequence of W. F. Bach’s entries in the Clavierbüchlein

List of Music Examples

Ex. 1.1. Comparison of a discant clause according to Wolff, p. 209.

Ex. 1.2. The clause from Example 1.1 (Loc1, p. 50, line 3–4) without error correction.

Ex. 3.1 Transcription of two settings of a symphony by William Lawes for The Triumph of Peace (1634) from a) Anne Cromwell’s Virginal Book, and b) Elizabeth Rogers hir Virginal Book.

Ex. 3.2 Opening of an anonymous arrangement of ‘My heart will go on’, the love theme from Titanic.

Ex. 3.3. Sellingers Rownde.

Ex. 3.4. ‘fife and drum’. Extract from ‘The battle by mr: bird’ in Priscilla Bunbury’s Virginal Book, fol. 22v.

Ex. 4.1. Johann Jakob Froberger, Fantasia FbWV 204, bb. 1–8, 53–6 and 73–8: as published in Diverse curiose e rarissime partite (Mainz: Ludwig Bourgeat, 1685) (a); as modified by John Blow (b).

Ex. 4.2. Jacques Champion de Chambonnières: ‘Allemande La Dunquerque’ (GusC 7) (a); ‘Allemande du même auteur’ (GusC 72) (b).

Ex. 4.3. Matthew Locke: Almain (Melothesia, p. 4), first half (a); Almain (Melothesia, p. 14), first half (b).

Ex. 4.4. Jacques Champion de Chambonnières, Sarabande (GusC 34) (a) and Jean Henry D’Anglebert, Galliarde (b), bb. 1–16, melodies.

Ex. 4.5. Johann Jakob Froberger, Ricercare (FbWV 407/407a): as copied into A-Wn Mus. Hs. 18707 (a); as published in François Roberday, Fugues et Caprices a Quatre Parties (Paris: Jean Hanocq, & Jacques Laisné, 1660) (b).

Ex. 6.1. BWV 565, bb. 57–9 (a); Pachelbel, Fantasia in D minor, bb. 32–3 (Newman 1995) (b); Buxtehude, Praeludium BuxWV 140, b. 4 (Williams 1980) (c).

Ex. 6.2. J.S. Bach, Cembalo Concerto, BWV 1053/3, bb. 138–40, transposed to D minor (a); C.P.E. Bach, Fugue in D minor, Wq. 119, no. 2, bb. 47–9 (b).

Ex. 6.3. BWV 565, bb. 60–1 (a); J. P. Kellner, Certamen musicum: Suite in D (N01: 02), Allemande, bb. 5–6 (transposed up a minor sixth) (b).

Ex. 6.4. C.P.E. Bach, Rondo in A, Wq. 58/1, bb. 79–83 (transposed a major sixth lower) (a); BWV 565, bb. 79–82 (b).

Ex. 6.5. BWV 565, bb. 116–18 (a); C.P.E. Bach, Solfeggietto in C minor, Wq. 117/1, bb. 1–3 (transposed a tone higher) (b).

Ex. 6.6. BWV 565, b. 72.

Ex. 6.7. BWV 565/1, the only instances of slurs in bb. 18–19.

Ex. 7.1. W. F. Bach, Allemande BWV 836, first strain melody.

Ex. 7.2. BWV 836, parallel structure of bb. 2–5 and bb. 8–12.

Ex. 7.3: Johann Richter, Allemande in C (fol. 27v), bb. 2d–5b.

Ex. 7.4. Triple counterpoint in BWV 927a, mm. 1–4.

Ex. 7.5. Composition by means of elaborated copying: J. S. Bach, BWV 924, bb. 1–7 (a);

W. F. Bach, BWV 924a, bb. 1–8 (b).

Ex. 7.6. J. S. Bach, BWV 924 mm. 1–7 (a); W. F. Bach, BWV 924a mm. 1–8 (b).

List of Contributors

Cristina Cassia holds a PhD in Musicology co-sponsored by the CESR of Tours and the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB - FNRS). From 2018 to 2020 she was researcher at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis in Basel and then Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Padua.

Penelope Cave is an international prize-winning harpsichordist and specialist in early keyboards, and has taught, performed and broadcast throughout Europe. She was awarded a doctorate at the University of Southampton in 2014, funded by the AHRC and the National Trust, on music in the English country house.

Katrina Faulds is a musicologist with research interests in domestic music collections and social dance music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. She was a postdoctoral research fellow on the AHRC-funded ‘Music, Home and Heritage’ project and a historical consultant on the HEIF-funded ‘Re-sounding the Past: Decolonising Sonic Heritage Spaces’ project.

Matthew Hall Matthew J. Hall is a lecturer in music at Ithaca College, where he teaches music history, theory, and organ and harpsichord performance, and managing editor of the Journal of Musicology. His research focuses on J. S. Bach and extends to compositional process, apprenticeship, and issues of borrowing and authorship in the early modern period (1400–1800).

Francis Knights is a Fellow & Tutor at Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge, Editor of Harpsichord & Fortepiano and Chairman of the National Early Music Association, UK. He has research interests in organology, pedagogy, performance practice and manuscript sources. He is a busy recitalist, and has recently completed major cycles of all Bach’s keyboard music and the Tudor virginalist repertoire.

Alice Little is a Research Fellow in the Music Faculty at Oxford University, based in the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments. From 2018–22 Alice was a Junior Research Fellow at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and from 2019–21 held a TORCH Knowledge Exchange Fellowship.

Pablo Padilla is professor of mathematics at the Institute for Applied Mathematics (IIMAS) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and teaches in both the science and music faculties.

August Rabe is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of music and performing arts Vienna. He studied musicology, harpsichord/historical keyboard instruments and art history at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt Weimar and the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. His interests include music for keyboard instruments from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries as well as singing and improvisation techniques of the early modern period.

Mateo Rodriguez Mateo Rodríguez obtained a BSc in Physics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He is currently studying for a Masters in Mathematics, and is finishing a BA in Composition at the National Institute of Fine Arts.

David J. Smith moved to Northumbria University as Founding Head of Music in 2018. His research revolves around early modern instrumental music in England and the Low Countries, especially for keyboard. He has published editions of instrumental music by Peter Philips and Richard Dering in the scholarly series, Musica Britannica, and is currently leading an AHRC-funded project on digital directions of collected editions.

John Scott Whiteley Organist Emeritus, York Minster, became known for BBC television’s series, 21st-Century Bach. He is a Visiting Research Fellow at The University of Huddersfield and Academic Adviser to the Orgelbüchlein project. His work has been published in the Bach-Jahrbuch and The New Grove.

Andrew Woolley is a musicologist and Invited Researcher at CESEM, the Centre for the Study of the Sociology and Aesthetics of Music at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. He is currently co-investigator for the Portuguese-government, FCT-financed project, ‘Music paper and handwriting studies in Portugal (18th and 19th centuries): the case study of the collection of the Count of Redondo’.

Abbreviations

A

Alto

AM

Acta Musicologica

b., bb.

bar, bars

B

Bass

BACH

BACH: Journal of the Riemenschneider Institute

BJB

Bach-Jahrbuch

c.

circa

Ch.

Chapter

CM

Current Musicology

CUP

Cambridge University Press

diss.

dissertation

ECM

Eighteenth-Century Music

ed(s)., edn.

edited by, edition

EM

Early Music

fl.

floruit (flourished)

fol., fols.

folio, folios

Fontes

Fontes Artis Musicae

GMO

Oxford Music Online. Grove Music Online, ed. Deane L. Root (Oxford University Press) [www.oxfordmusiconline.com]

HUP

Harvard University Press

JAMS

Journal of the American Musicological Society

JM

The Journal of Musicology

JSCM

Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music

LUP

Leuven University Press

LH

left-hand

man.

manual

MD

Musica Disciplina

MGG

MGG Online, ed. Laurenz Lütteken (Bärenreiter) [https://www.mgg-online.com]

MQ

The Musical Quarterly

MT

The Musical Times

M&L

Music & Letters

NBA

Bach-Archiv Leipzig & Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Institut Göttingen, Johann Sebastian Bach. Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke (Bärenreiter: Kassel 1954–2007).

NEMAN

National Early Music Association Newsletter

Notes

Notes: the Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association

n.d.

no date

n.p.

no publisher

OUP

Oxford University Press

OY

The Organ Yearbook

p., pp.

page, pages

RBM

Revue belge de Musicologie / Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Muziekwetenschap

rev.

revised by

RH

right-hand

rpt.

reprint

S

Soprano

SB

Sounding Board

T

Tenor

trans.

translated by

TVNM

Tijdschrift van de Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis

vdm

Verzeichnis deutscher Musikfrühdrucke

vol(s).

volume(s)

Manuscript (RISM) Sigla

A-Wn

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna

B-Br

Bibliothèque royale de Belgique (KBR), Brussels

Ch-Zz

Zentralbibliothek, Zürich

Ch-Bu

Universitätsbibliothek, Basel

D-ERu

Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hauptbibliothek, Erlangen

D-B

Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Musikabteilung, Berlin

D-Bs

Stadtbibliothek, Musikbibliothek, Berlin

D-EIb

Bachhaus und Bachmuseum, Eisenach

D-Hs

Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Carl von Ossietzky, Hamburg

D-LEb

Bach-Archiv, Leipzig

D-LEm

Leipziger Stadtbibliothek, Leipzig

D-LEsa

Stadtarchiv, Leipzig

D-Lr

Ratsbücherei, Lüneburg

D-Mbs

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München

D-Wa

Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv - Standort Wolfenbüttel, Wolfenbüttel

F-Pn

Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

GB-Cfm

Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

GB-Lbl

British Library, London

GB-Lcm

Royal College of Music, London

GB-NWr

Record Office, Norwich

GB-Ob

Bodleian Library, Oxford

GB-Och

Christ Church, Oxford

H-Bn

Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Budapest




I-Fn


Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Florence

PL-Kj

Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Kraków

S-Uu

Universitetsbibliotek, Carolina Rediviva, Uppsala

US-NH

Yale University, Music Library, New Haven, CT

US-NYp

New York Public Library