Beginnings of Interior Environments

Lynn M. Jones leads Jones Interiors & Consulting with a focus on interior space planning and the partnership of practice and education. She serves as a program consultant for the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, and is a professional member of the American Society of Interior Designers and the Interior Design Educators Council.

Preface xv

Part I Introduction to Interior Environments 1

Definition of Interior Design and Responsibilities of an Interior Designer 2

Relationship with Allied Professions 6

Traits and Knowledge Required by Interior Designers 6

Textbook Organization 6

1 Understanding Interior Design 9

Development of the Interior Design Profession 9

Professional Design Organizations 10

Goals of Interior Design 11

The Design Process/Scope of Services 13

Career Specializations in Interior Design 22

Summary 24

Design Scenario: Fortune 500 Consumer Products Company 25

2 The Value of Interior Design: Health, Safety, and Welfare 33

Health, Safety, and Welfare 33

Interior Environment Theory: Why We Need the Built Environment 34

Historic Preservation 36

Multicultural Environments 38

The Science of Spatial Behavior 40

Universal Design 42

Design for Special Populations 44

Evidence-Based Design 47

Environment: Sustainable Design 48

Summary 51

Design Scenario: Willson Hospice House 53

Pictorial Essay: History of Style 56

History of Style 56

Historical Styles and Their Evolution 56

Historical Styles Summary 72

Evolution of Modern Design 72

Modern Design Summary 82

Style Selection 82

Part II Design Fundamentals 85

Design Think! 86

Visual Literacy 88

Gestalt and Perceptual Theories Concept 90

3 Elements and Principles of Design 99

Two Basic Types of Design 99

Elements of Design 102

Principles of Design 107

Summary 115

4 Color 117

Light in Color 117

Warm, Cool, and Neutral Colors 118

The Standard Color Wheel 118

Color’s Three Dimensions 119

Creating Color Schemes 120

Color Theorists and Theories 125

Sustainable Design: Natural Earth Colors 126

Psychological and Physiological Effects of Colors 127

Interactions Between Color and the Elements and Principles of Design 132

Application of Color to Interior Backgrounds 135

Selection of a Color Scheme 136

Color Forecasting 137

Summary 138

Design Scenario: Community Concept–UPS Innoplex 139

Part III Building Systems 149

The Construction Process 150

5 Construction Components, Systems, and Codes 155

Contract Documents 155

Structural Classifications 163

Doors 165

Windows 169

Sustainable Design: Low E-Glass 172

Fireplaces 173

Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems 176

Sustainable Design: Solar Energy 176

Sustainable Design: Indoor Air Quality 177

Plumbing 178

Acoustics 180

Security 181

Emergency: Egress and Sprinklers 181

Codes and Federal Regulations 181

Federal Requirements Summary 183

6 Lighting, Electrical, and Communications 185

Goals of Lighting Design 185

Sustainable Design: Energy Codes and Lighting in LEED 191

Organizations and Regulations 191

The Quantity of Light 192

The Quality of Light: Color and Location 193

Natural Light Sources 194

Artificial Light Sources 195

Lighting for Areas and Activities 204

Power and Communication 207

Design Guidelines for Lighting, Power, and Communications 210

Summary 211

Design Scenario: Beachfront Condminium 212

Part IV Space 217

Form and Space 220

Space Planning 220

Square Footage Calculations 221

7 Space Planning: Furnishings to Rooms 223

Programming Information for Space Planning 223

Space Planning for Specific Activities 226

Space Planning for Specific Rooms 232

Making the Most of Space with Furniture 244

Summary 245

8 Space Planning: Rooms to Buildings 247

Residential Zones 248

Commercial Zones 256

General Zoning Requirements 259

Sustainable Design: The Economy of Space Planning 262

Organizing Systems 264

Analyzing Residential Floor Plans 267

Analyzing Commercial Floor Plans 277

Summary 279

Design Scenario: Residential Loft and Commercial Real Estate Office 280

Part V Materials, Furnishings, and Fabrics 287

Function 288

Aesthetics 288

Economics 289

9 Floors 291

Hard Flooring 291

Nonresilient Flooring 292

Wood Flooring 297

Resilient Flooring 299

Soft Floor Coverings 301

History of Rugs and Carpets 301

Design Characteristics 302

Sustainable Design: Flooring Materials 303

Handmade Rugs 307

Padding 311

Design Considerations 311

Codes and Regulations 312

Measuring and Installation 312

Summary 313

10 Ceilings and Walls 315

Ceilings 315

Types of Ceilings 315

Ceiling Construction and Materials 318

Ceiling Illusions 319

Walls 321

Wall Construction 321

Sustainable Design: Moveable Wall Systems 321

Nonresilient (Rigid) Wallcoverings 321

Moldings 328

Paints and Finishes 330

Resilient (Flexible) Wallcoverings 333

Estimating Wallcovering Quantities 336

Selecting Wall Materials and Finishes 336

Summary 337

11 Furniture 339

Types of Furniture 339

Systems Furniture 347

General Classifications of Furniture Styles 349

Quality and Craftsmanship 352

Upholstered Furniture 358

Summary 360

Sustainable Design: Selecting “Green” Furniture 360

Sustainable Design: LEED-CI and E3-2010 361

12 Textiles 365

Fibers 366

Fabric Construction 369

Textile Coloring/Dyeing 372

Finishing 372

Sustainable Design: Colored Fibers and “Green” Textiles 373

Fabric Testing and Safety Codes 374

Textile Care and Maintenance 377

Textile Uses in Interior Design 377

Selecting Textiles for Interiors 380

Solving Design Problems with Textiles 386

Summary 388

Textile Terminology 388

13 Window Treatments, Accessories, and Art 393

Window Treatments 393

Hard Window Treatments 394

Soft Window Treatments 400

Window Top Treatments 404

Window Treatment Hardware 406

Drapery and Curtain Headings 406

Design and Placement of Windows and Window Treatments 407

Sustainable Design: Energy-Efficient Window Treatments 408

Accessories 408

Art 410

Two-Dimensional Art 410

Three-Dimensional Art 411

Selecting Accessories and Art 413

Grouping and Placing Accessories and Art 415

Summary 417

Living Room Comparison 418

Design Scenario: Lifetime Television 420

Part VI The Profession Of Interior Design 427

14 Interior Design as a Career 431

Career Progression 431

Professional Interior Design Organizations 438

The Business of Interior Design 441

Professional Ethics 446

Interior Design Forecast 447

Sustainable Design: Solar Architecture and the Earthship 456

Summary 458

Design Scenario: Stonehurst Place 459

Appendix A Residential Programming Questionnaire 465

Appendix B Furniture Inventory Sheet 469

Appendix C Typical Set of Residential Construction Drawings 471

Glossary 477

References 485

Index 491