Jazz Issues: A Critical History

Part 1 An Overview of Jazz Introduction: Toward a Definition of Jazz An Emerging Art Form Historical Frame of Reference Jazz and Controversy Organization of the Text Critical Listening Central Issues The Jazz Art World Jazz and the Individual 1 Early Influences, Prejazz, Early Jazz Interpretation--The Oral Tradition The Musical Substance of Jazz--The Theoretical Balance Prejazz (1850-1900) Suggested Listening 2 Early New Orleans Dixieland to Swing Early New Orleans Dixieland (1900-1920) Chicago Style Dixieland (the 1920s) The Chicago Style Boogie Woogie (1920-1930s) Swing (1932-1942) Swing Style Small Group Swing Suggested Listening 3 Bop to the Present Bop (1940-1950) Bop Style Cool (1949-1955) Cool Style Hard Bop--Funky (circa 1954-) Hard Bop Style Crossover--Third Stream Avant Garde Methodology Free Form--Avant Garde (the 1960s) Jazz/Rock Fusion (the 1960s-) Fusion Style Straight-Ahead and Neoclassical Jazz (1980s-1990s) Neoclassical Style Jazz/Rock/Pop Fusion (1980s-1990s) Jazz Singers Suggested Listening 4 An Overview of Theoretical Concerns Vertical and Horizontal Musical Practice Rhythm--Meter Melody--Harmony Interrelationships Between Harmony, Scales, and Melody Substitute Chords Modal Improvisation Roles of the Rhythm Section--A Constantly Changing Balance Part 2 Evolutionary Lines of Development 5 An Art Form in Its Infancy Interpretation and Substance Church Music of the Great Awakening Spirituals and Gospel Blues--The Style The Blues Form Summary Suggested Listening 6 Extemporized Ensembles Merging Cultures Sociological Influences Ragtime and Dixieland Chicago Ensembles Jazz and the "Lost Generation" The First Jazz Records The Two Dixieland Styles Stylistic Completion Revivals Swing Bands and Group Improvisation The Bop Ensemble Contemporary Directions Improvisation and the Recording Studio Summary Suggested Listening 7 Ensemble Composition Jelly Roll Morton and New Orleans Style Jazz Harlem Bands and Southwest Bands Duke Ellington Basie and Ellington--Ensembles and Solo Voices Big Bands and the Jazz Legacy Stylistic Overview Suggested Listening 8 The Engine of Popularity Big Band Arrangers and Composers The Popular Bands (Late 1930s--1940s) The Popular Musician's Image The Breakdown of Racial Lines The Big Band Legacy Progressive and Bop Bands Cool Big Bands Third Stream Ensembles Big Bands and Stylistic Completion Summary Suggested Listening 9 The Developing Mainstream The Jazz, Classical, and Rock Canons The Armstrong Legacy The Movement from Melodic to Harmonic Improvisation Instrumental Lines of Development Mainstream Vocalists Summary Suggested Listening 10 Notation and Improvisation--A Question of Balance The Oral Tradition and Notation Cool and a Return to Composition Hard Bop, a Music Reclaimed Funky Funky Music Funky Performers Gospel Jazz Hard Bop Hard Bop, Straight-ahead, Mainstream, and Neoclassical Neoclassicism Popular Jazz Summary Suggested Listening 11 Classical/Jazz Distinctions Ragtime and the Classical Model The Developing Big Bands Cool Third Stream Avant Garde and the Free School John Coltrane Omette Coleman Sun Ra Cecil Taylor Association for the Advancement of Creative Music Art Ensembleof Chicago Anthony Braxton Summary Suggested Listening 12 Fusion -- An Art Form at Risk Cool Fusion Third Stream Fusion Rock Fusion Jazz/Rock Fusion Rock's Challenge to Jazz Jazz Rock/Pop Mainstream Fusion The Jazz to Pop Continuum Pat Metheny Spyro-Gyra, Yellowjackets Jazz and Commercial Music Quincy Jones Herbie Hancock Summary Suggested Listening 13 Controversy Among Stylistic Worlds Dixieland to Swing Swing to Bop and the Dixieland Revival Bop to Cool and Back Again, Mainstream and the Avant Garde Mainstream and Fusion Summary EpilogueAppendix A: Listening Guide Appendix B: Dateline Biographies Glossary Bibliography Discography Index