Special Makeup Effects for Stage and Screen

Todd Debreceni is a special makeup effects artist who has worked for Disney, Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox, and TBS, and is the owner of BaPoFX makeup effects. He is a recipient of a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award, and has received two Ovation Awards, a True West Award, and a Henry Award for Special Accomplishment in Makeup Effects. Todd has worked in film, television, and theatre around the world for more than 30 years, and his background in orthopedics and reconstructive plastic surgery have made his transition into prosthetic makeup creation a natural evolution. At BaPoFX, Todd specializes in prosthetic makeup design, fabrication, and application. He continues to teach college courses in cinematography, acting, sculpture, makeup design, and visual effects in Denver, CO, which he has done for almost 20 years.

Foreword

Acknowledgments

A Special Note About the Companion Website

Preface

Chapter 1 – The Industry






Key Points



Introduction



Stage vs. Screen



Contributions from Medicine



The Workspace



Safety and Health



Professionalism



Your Portfolio



Your Kit



Chapter Summary



Notes

Chapter 2 – Anatomy and Design






Key Points



Introduction



Using the Computer



Elements of the Design



Body Types



The Human Body





The Skeletal System



The Skeleto-Muscular System




The Head and Neck





The Face




The Torso and Upper Limbs



The Abdomen and Lower Limbs



Surface Anatomy



The Eyes, Ears, and Nose





The Ears



The Mouth




The Skin





Stretch Marks



Age Spots



Freckles and Moles



Varicose Veins and Spider Veins



Birthmarks







Hair



Scars




Symmetry and Proportion





Anatomical Planes



Facial Ratios and Phi



Ratios and Body Proportions




Geometric Analysis



Distinctions of Gender, Age, and Ancestry





Distinctions of Gender



Distinctions of Age



Facial Aging



Distinctions of Ancestry




Chapter Summary



Notes

Chapter 3 – Lifecasting






Key Points



Introduction



Safety Risks



The Materials





Alginate



Silicone




The Lifecasting Process





Overview



Teeth



Face and Neck



Casting a Positive



Bust: Head and Shoulders



Hands, Arms, Legs, Feet, and Ears



Hands and Arms



Legs and Feet



Ears



Full Body



Full Body: Prone



Full Body: Standing

Tips and Suggestions

Lifecasting with Silicone



Chapter Summary

Chapter 4 – Sculpting the Makeup






Key Points



Introduction



Materials



Preparing the Positive



Tools





Clay



Sulfur Clay



WED Clay



Oil Clay




Reference Photos



Teeth





Materials




Sculpting the Face





Blocking the Sculpture



Refining the Sculpture




Sculpting the Face, Head, and Neck





Blocking the Full-Head Sculpture




Sculpting Hands





Blocking the Hand Sculpture




Sculpting the Ears





Blocking the Sculpture




Chapter Summary



Notes

Chapter 5 – Breaking Down the Sculpture






Key Points



Introduction



Tools and Materials



Release Agents and Sealers



Making the Negative Mold





Keys, Flashing, and Cutting Edges



Building the Dividing Wall



Building a Different Style of Dividing Wall




Stone (Gypsum) Molds



Other Types of Molds





Silicone Rubber Molds



Matrix Molds/Jacket Molds



Fiberglass Molds



Fillers



Resin Molds



Epoxy Molds



Syntactic Dough



Urethane Molds




Chapter Summary



Endnotes

Chapter 6 – Casting the Appliances






Key Points



Introduction



Silicone: Platinum and Tin



Coloration



Color Theory



Materials



De-Airing/Degassing Silicone



Gel-Filled Silicone Appliances





Filling the Mold



Injection Filling



Hand Filling




Removing the Appliance



Conforming Molds



Foam Latex





Quirks



Running Foam Latex



Prepping the Mold



Filling the mold



Heat-Curing Foam



Removing the Appliance




Cold Foam (Urethane)



Materials





Quirks



Prepping the Mold



Filling the Mold



Removing the Appliance




Gelatin and Foamed Gelatin



Materials





Quirks



Making Foamed Gelatin



Filling the Mold



Removing the Appliance




Dental Acrylic



Materials





Filling the Mold and Removing the Appliance




Seaming Prosthetic Appliances





Seaming and Patching



Silicone



Foam Latex



Gelatin




Painting the Appliance





Silicone



Foam Latex



Gelatin and Cold Foam




Painting Teeth



Materials





Special Effects




Chapter Summary

Chapter 7 – Applying and Painting the Prosthetics






Key Points



Introduction



Skin Types



Adhesives



Application Techniques



Attaching the Appliance





Materials



Conforming Molds



Blending the Edges




Applying the Makeup





Foam Latex



Gelatin



Cold Foam



Silicone




Removing the Appliance





Materials



Removers



Technique




Skin Care



Cleaning and Storing the Appliance



Chapter Summary

Chapter 8 – Hair and Wigs






Key Points



Introduction



Types and Varieties of Hair



Tools and Materials for Postiche



Wigs





Weft Wigs



Knotted Wigs



Hair Attachment



Preparation for a Wig



How to Put on a Wig



How to Put on a Lace Wig




Beards, Mustaches, and Eyebrows





Laid-On Facial Hair



Crepe Wool (Hair)



Preparation



Application




Ventilating (Knotting) Hair





Preparation



Technique




Punching Hair





Technique



Technique (Eyelashes)




Chapter Summary



Notes

Chapter 9 – Animatronics






Key Points



Introduction



Technology





Mechanical



Servos



Additional Terminology



Motion Control



Electronic



DMX Controllers



Powering the Electronics



Structural



Surface




Operation



Chapter Summary



Endnotes

Chapter 10 – Other Makeup Effects






Key Points



Introduction



Resin Eyes



Bondo



Cap Material





Bald Caps



Making a Bald Cap



Applying a Bald Cap




Building up Ears and Nose



Tuplast



Nose and Scar Wax





Materials




Rigid Collodion



Stencils



Tattoos and Character/Creature Textures



Airbrush





Spatter and Stipple




3D prosthetic Transfers





Making 3D Transfers



Materials




Electrostatic Flocking



Wrinkle (Age) Stipple



Trauma, Wounds, and Bruises





Bruises



The Baseball Stitch



Nosebleed on Demand



Bladder Effects




Burns and Blisters





Burns



Blisters




Other Conditions





Skin Manifestations



Infected Veins




Skin-Safe Silicone and Gelatin



Chapter Summary

Chapter 11 – 3D Printing for Prosthetics and Animatronics






Key Points



Introduction



3D Printing Glossary



A Brief History



Uses





Who Uses 3D Printing?




The Design Process





Preparing the Model




Technology





Guidelines



SLA or SLS?




Operation



Application



The Future



Chapter Summary



Notes

Appendix A Your Kit

Appendix B Recipes

Appendix C Suppliers

Appendix D Conversion Charts

Appendix E Suggested Reading and Viewing

Glossary

Index