Digital Watermarking and Steganography (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Digital Watermarking and Steganography 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface to the First Edition 16
Preface to the Second Edition 20
Example Watermarking Systems 22
Chapter 1. Introduction 30
1.1 Information Hiding, Steganography, and Watermarking 33
1.2 History of Watermarking 35
1.3 History of Steganography 38
1.4 Importance of Digital Watermarking 40
1.5 Importance of Steganography 41
Chapter 2. Applications and Properties 44
2.1 Applications of Watermarking 45
2.2 Applications of Steganography 63
2.3 Properties of Watermarking Systems 65
2.4 Evaluating Watermarking Systems 75
2.5 Properties of Steganographic and Steganalysis Systems 78
2.6 Evaluating and Testing Steganographic Systems 84
2.7 Summary 85
Chapter 3. Models of Watermarking 90
3.1 Notation 91
3.2 Communications 92
3.3 Communication-Based Models of Watermarking 96
3.4 Geometric Models of Watermarking 109
3.5 Modeling Watermark Detection by Correlation 124
3.6 Summary 131
Chapter 4. Basic Message Coding 134
4.1 Mapping Messages into Message Vectors 135
4.2 Error Correction Coding 146
4.3 Detecting Multisymbol Watermarks 153
4.4 Summary 163
Chapter 5. Watermarking with Side Information 166
5.1 Informed Embedding 168
5.2 Watermarking Using Side Information 182
5.3 Dirty-Paper Codes 193
5.4 Summary 210
Chapter 6. Practical Dirty-Paper Codes 212
6.1 Practical Considerations for Dirty-Paper Codes 212
6.2 Broad Approaches to Dirty-Paper Code Design 217
6.3 Implementing DM with A Simple Lattice Code 218
6.4 Typical Tricks in Implementing Lattice Codes 223
6.5 Coding with Better Lattices 226
6.6 Making Lattice Codes Survive Valumetric Scaling 233
6.7 Dirty-Paper Trellis Codes 237
6.8 Summary 241
Chapter 7. Analyzing Errors 242
7.1 Message Errors 243
7.2 False Positive Errors 247
7.3 False Negative Errors 254
7.4 ROC Curves 257
7.5 The Effect of Whitening on Error Rates 261
7.6 Analysis of Normalized Correlation 268
7.7 Summary 281
Chapter 8. Using Perceptual Models 284
8.1 Evaluating Perceptual Impact of Watermarks 284
8.2 General Form of A Perceptual Model 292
8.3 Two Examples of Perceptual Models 298
8.4 Perceptually Adaptive Watermarking 306
8.5 Summary 324
Chapter 9. Robust Watermarking 326
9.1 Approaches 327
9.2 Robustness to Valumetric Distortions 337
9.3 Robustness to Temporal and Geometric Distortions 354
9.4 Summary 361
Chapter 10. Watermark Security 364
10.1 Security Requirements 364
10.2 Watermark Security and Cryptography 377
10.3 Some Significant Known Attacks 387
10.4 Summary 402
Chapter 11. Content Authentication 404
11.1 Exact Authentication 406
11.2 Selective Authentication 424
11.3 Localization 439
11.4 Restoration 448
11.5 Summary 451
Chapter 12. Steganography 454
12.1 Steganographic Communication 456
12.2 Notation and Terminology 462
12.3 Information-Theoretic Foundations of Steganography 462
12.4 Practical Steganographic Methods 468
12.5 Minimizing the Embedding Impact 478
12.6 Summary 496
Chapter 13. Steganalysis 498
13.1 Steganalysis Scenarios 498
13.2 Some Significant Steganalysis Algorithms 506
13.3 Summary 523
Appendix A. Background Concepts 526
A.1 Information Theory 526
A.2 Coding Theory 532
A.3 Cryptography 534
Appendix B. Selected Theoretical Results 540
B.1 Information-Theoretic Analysis of Secure Watermarking (Moulin and O’Sullivan) 540
B.2 Error Probabilities Using Normalized Correlation Detectors (Miller and Bloom) 546
B.3 Effect of Quantization Noise on Watermarks (Eggers and Girod) 551
Appendix C. Notation and Common Variables 558
C.1 Variable Naming Conventions 558
C.2 Operators 559
C.3 Common Variable Names 559
C.4 Common Functions 561
Glossary 562
References 578
Index 604
About the Authors 620