The Power of Logic

1. Basic Concepts Validity and Soundness / Forms and Counterexamples / Some "Famous" Forms / Strength and Cogency 2. Identifying Arguments Arguments and Nonarguments / Well-Crafted Arguments / Notes / Appendix to Chapter 2: Argument Diagrams 3. Logic and Language Logic, Meaning, and Emotive Force / Definitions / Using Definitions to Evaluate Arguments 4. Informal Fallacies Fallacies Involving Irrelevant Premises / Fallacies Involving Ambiguity / Fallacies Involving Unwarranted Assumptions 5. Categorical Logic: Statements Standard Forms of Categorical Statements / The Traditional Square of Opposition / Further Immediate Inferences 6. Categorical Logic: Syllogisms Standard Mood, Form, and Figure / Venn Diagrams and Categorical Statements / Venn Diagrams and Categorical Syllogisms / The Modern Square of Opposition / Enthymemes / Sorites and Removing Term Complements / Rules for Evaluating Syllogisms 7. Statement Logic: Truth Tables Symbolizing English Arguments / Truth Tables / Using Truth Tables to Evaluate Arguments / Abbreviated Truth Tables / Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency, and Logical Equivalence 8. Statement Logic: Proofs Implicational Rules of Inference / Five Equivalence Rules / Five More Equivalence Rules / Conditional Proof / Reductio ad Absurdum / Proving Theorems 9. Predicate Logic Predicates and Quantifiers / Demonstrating Invalidity / Constructing Proofs / Quantifier Negation, RAA, and CP / The Logic of Relations: Symbolizations / The Logic of Relations: Proofs / Identity: Symbolizations / Identity: Proofs 10. Induction Inductive and Deductive Logic: Contrasts and Clarifications (Statistical Syllogisms) / Arguments from Authority and Induction by Enumeration / Mill's Methods and Scientific Reasoning / Arguments from Analogy 11. Probability Three Theories of Probability / The Rules of Probability / Bayes' Theorem