A Companion to Latin American History

Thomas H. Holloway is Professor of Latin American History at the University of California at Davis, where he was Director of the Hemispheric Institute on the Americas from 2000 to 2007. He served as President of the Latin American Studies Association, 2000-01, and Executive Secretary of the Conference on Latin American History, 2002-07. He has taught widely on Latin American history since 1974. His research focuses mainly on the social and economic history of Brazil. His previous books include Immigrants on the Land: Coffee and Society in São Paulo, 1886-1934 (1980) and Policing Rio de Janeiro: Repression and Resistance in a 19th-century city (1993).

List of Figures, Tables, and Maps vii

Notes on Contributors viii

Introduction 1
Thomas H. Holloway

1 Early Population Flows in the Western Hemisphere 10
Tom D. Dillehay

2 Mesoamerica 28
John Monaghan and Andrew R. Wyatt

3 Tradition and Change in the Central Andes 42
Jeffrey Quilter

4 Portuguese and Spaniards in the Age of European Expansion 58
William D. Phillips, Jr. and Carla Rahn Phillips

5 Exploration and Conquest 73
Patricia Seed

6 Colonial Brazil (1500–1822) 89
Hal Langfur

7 Institutions of the Spanish American Empire in the Hapsburg Era 106
Susan Elizabeth Ramírez

8 Indigenous Peoples in Colonial Spanish American Society 124
Kevin Terraciano

9 Slavery in the Americas 146
Franklin W. Knight

10 Religion, Society, and Culture in the Colonial Era 162
Rachel Sarah O’Toole

11 Imperial Rivalries and Reforms 178
John Fisher

12 The Process of Spanish American Independence 195
Jaime E. Rodríguez O.

13 New Nations and New Citizens: Political Culture in Nineteenth-century Mexico, Peru, and Argentina 215
Sarah C. Chambers

14 Imperial Brazil (1822–89) 230
Judy Bieber

15 Abolition and Afro-Latin Americans 247
Aline Helg

16 Land, Labor, Production, and Trade: Nineteenth-century Economic and Social Patterns 264
Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago

17 Modernization and Industrialization 285
Colin M. Lewis

18 Practical Sovereignty: The Caribbean Region and the Rise of US Empire 307
Mary A. Renda

19 The Mexican Revolution 330
Adrian A. Bantjes

20 Populism and Developmentalism 347
Joel Wolfe

21 The Cuban Revolution 365
Luis Martínez-Fernández

22 The National Security State 386
David R. Mares

23 Central America in Upheaval 406
Julie A. Charlip

24 Culture and Society: Latin America since 1900 424
Robert McKee Irwin

25 Environmental History of Modern Latin America 443
Lise Sedrez

26 Women, Gender, and Family in Latin America, 1820–2000 461
Nara Milanich

27 Identity, Ethnicity, and “Race” 480
Peter Wade

28 Social and Economic Impact of Neoliberalism 494
Duncan Green

Index 512