A Companion to 19th-Century America

William L. Barney is Professor of American History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has specialized in the history of the United States in the nineteenth century, especially the Civil War period, and is the author of The Road to Secession (1972), Flawed Victory: A New Perception of the Civil War (1975), and co-edited The American Journey: A History of the United States (1997). In 1987 he was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Genoa in Italy and served as Bowman and Gordon Gray Professor at the University of North Carolina from 1990 to 1993.

Contributors vii

Introduction 1
William L. Barney

PART I: POLITICS AND PUBLIC LIFE

1 Early National Politics and Power, 1800±1824 5
Robert M. S. McDonald

2 The Jacksonian Era, 1825±1844 19
Jonathan Atkins

3 The Sectionalization of Politics, 1845±1860 33
John Ashworth

4 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861±1877 47
Vernon Burton

5 The Gilded Age, 1878±1900 61
Robert W. Cherny and William L. Barney

6 American Law in the Nineteenth Century 73
John E. Semonche

PART II: FOREIGN RELATIONS

7 American Expansion, 1800±1867 89
John M. Belohlavek

8 The Global Emergence of the United States, 1867±1900 104
Eric Rauchway

PART III: THE ECONOMY AND CLASS FORMATIONS

9 The Emergence of a Market Economy before 1860 121
Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman

10 Industrialization and the Rise of Corporations, 1860±1900 139
David B. Sicilia

11 Urbanization 152
Timothy J. Gilfoyle

12 The Development of the Working Classes 164
Kevin Kenny

13 The Evolution of the Middle Class 178
Cindy S. Aron

PART IV: RACE, GENDER, AND ETHNICITY

14 African Americans 195
Donald R. Wright

15 Native-American History 209
Michael D. Green and Theda Perdue

16 Gender and the Changing Roles of Women 223
Laura F. Edwards

17 Immigration and Ethnicity 238
Nora Faires

PART V: REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES

18 The South: From Old to New 257
Stephen W. Berry

19 The Middle West 272
Andrew R. L. Cayton

20 The Relational West 286
Molly P. Rozum

PART VI: CULTURES AND IDEAS

21 The Communications Revolution and Popular Culture 303
David Hochfelder

22 Interpreting American Religion 317
Catherine A. Brekus

23 Science and Technology 334
Alan I. Marcus

24 A History/Historiography of Representations of America 345
Barbara Groseclose

Bibliography 359

Index 399