Preparing for Hybrid Threats to Security

Odd Jarl Borch is a Professor of Strategy at the Nord University Business School, Bodo, Norway. He is the author of more than 150 scientific publications. He has served on several government committees within industry development, safety and preparedness, including the Norwegian Total Preparedness Commission. Tormod Heier is a Professor of Military Strategy and Operations at the Norwegian Defence University College, Norway. He has edited or authored 14 books, on crisis management, security and defence policy, and military conflicts. He was awarded The Norwegian PEN’s Ossietzky Price for Freedom of Speech in 2017, and The Norwegian Army’s Medal of Merit in 2023.

1. Understanding Hybrid Threats: An Introduction Part I: The Threat 2. Contemporary Research on Hybrid Threats: Status and Future Avenues 3. Hybrid Threats as a Threat to Democracy: Soft and Smart Tactics and Three Dimensions of Democracy 4. Identifying Hybrid Threats from a National Security Perspective: The Case of Chinese Hybrid Threats in Australia Part II: The Ukrainian Experience 5. Hybrid Threats in Cyberspace: What Do Russia’s Cyberspace Operations in Ukraine Tell Us? 6. The Transformation of Hybrid Threats into Full-Scale War: The Case of Ukraine, 2014-2022 7. Countering Russia’s Hybrid War: The Orchestration of Ukraine’s National Resilience Part III: Response Strategies 8. Civic Communities or Armed Forces as First Line of Defence? 9. Municipal Preparedness Against Hybrid Threats: How Can Military Experiences Be Used? 10. Hybrid Threats and the ‘New’ Total Defence: The Case of Sweden 11. Information Sharing in Complex Crises: The Case of Joint Domain-Specific Centers in Norway 12. Hybrid Threat Intelligence Through Virtual Networks: The Role of Network Entrepreneurs Part IV: Knowledge and Resilience 13. Hybrid Threats and Comprehensive Defence in Small Diverse Societies: The Case of Estonia 14. Hybrid Threats and the Power of Identity: Comparing Croatia and Ukraine 15. Building Competence Against Hybrid Threats: Training and Exercising Hybrid Command Organizations 16. Competence for Hybrid Threats: A Strategic Competitive Development Model Part V: Conclusions 17. Towards a Hybrid Threat Response Model