Hajj Travelogues

Richard van Leeuwen (Ph.D 1991) was senior lecturer in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Amsterdam. He has many publications in the fields of Middle Eastern history, Islamic studies and Arabic literature. He also works as a translator of Arabic literature.

Contents


Acknowledgements and Remarks


Maps





Introduction





part 1: From the Beginnings until 1800


1 The Formation of a Corpus


 1 Questions of Genre


 2 Intertextual Connections, Cultural and Historical Backgrounds


 3 Intra-generic Coherence


 4 Travellers and Their Readers


 5 Transmission


 6 Conclusion





2 Journeys


 1 Conventions for Travelling


 2 Trajectories and Caravans


 3 The Sea Route from Asia


 4 The Holy Places


 5 Themes and Issues


 6 Conclusion





3 Politics


 1 The Hajj and Processes of Globalisation


 2 The History and Organisation of the Hajj as a Political Issue


 3 Accompanying a Moroccan Princess on Hajj


 4 An Ottoman Perspective


 5 A Moroccan Embassy


 6 Mughal Perspectives


 7 Political Themes and References


 8 Conclusion





4 Religion


 1 The Religious Framework


 2 The Legal Framework


 3 Reformers


 4 Religious Frameworks 1: al-ʿAbdarī


 5 Religious Frameworks 2: al-ʿAyyāshī


 6 Scriptural and Legal Frameworks


 7 Places for Visitation (mazārāt)


 8 Rituals, Ceremonies, Feasts


 9 Women


 10 Scholarly Encounters


 11 Books


 12 Conclusion





5 The Spiritual Dimension


 1 Sufism and the Hajj


 2 Maghribī Pilgrims until the End of the 17th Century


 3 ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī


 4 Shāh Walī Allāh of Delhi


 5 The Maghribī Tradition in the 18th Century


 6 Conclusion





6 European Discourses


 1 Travellers and Informants


 2 Europeans in Mecca


 3 Scholars


 4 Polemicists


 5 Conclusion





part 2: 1800–1950


7 European Intrusions and the Impact of Modernity


 1 Modernity and Reform


 2 The Muslim World and the Spread of Modernity


 3 Cultural Debates


 4 European Discourses of the Hajj, 1800–1950


 5 European Travellers to Mecca


 6 The Second Wave of Saʿūdī-Wahhābī Insurgency


 7 European Pilgrims to Mecca


 8 The Hajj and European Scholarship


 9 Conclusion





8 Continuity and Change


 1 Issues of Genre


 2 Autobiographies


 3 Adab


 4 Realism


 5 Religion and Scholarship


 6 Administrative Handbooks


 7 Journals and Periodicals


 8 Guides


 9 Visual Material, Images, Photographs


 10 Conclusion





9 Journeys


 1 Itineraries


 2 Modern Travel


 3 Sanitary Arrangements


 4 Bureaucratic Formalities


 5 Conclusion





10 Politics


 1 Ottoman Reforms


 2 European Imperialism


 3 Egypt


 4 Troubles in the Hijaz


 5 Political Visions


 6 The Hijaz as a Place of Refuge and Immigration


 7 Conclusion





11 Religion


 1 Law and Theology


 2 Religion and Politics: The Case of Rashīd Riḍā


 3 Between Universalism and Diversity: The Islamic Congresses


 4 ‘Modern’ Muslims


 5 The Hajj and Political Militancy


 6 Shīʿīs


 7 Women on Hajj


 8 Conclusion





12 The Spiritual Dimension


 1 Sufism, Travellers, and Travelogues


 2 Hajj Accounts as Sufi Texts


 3 The Kattānī Shaykhs and Their Sufi Network


 4 Conclusion





Conclusion


 1 Framing the Hajj as a Journey


 2 Periodisation, Cultural Background, and Modernity


 3 The Hajj and Spirituality


Glossary


Travelogues


Bibliography


Index