The Shaping of Western Civilization

Michael Burger is a professor of history at Auburn University at Montgomery.

List of Figures
List of Maps
Preface
Preface to the Third Edition
Notes on References, Further Reading, and Dates
Introduction

1 The Early Modern West I: The Reformation, the Great Consolidation, and the End of Christendom

 Introduction
 Fundamentals: Protestant Doctrine and the Middle Ages
 A Catholic Reformation?
 The Sexes and the Family
 Fragmentation and Further Reform
 Complications: Political and Social
 Political Results: The Consolidation of Royal Authority
 A Crisis of Authority and the End of Christendom
 Early Modern Western Expansion
 
2 The Early Modern West II: Science, Society, and the State
 
 Introduction
 Fundamentals I: A Society of Orders, Estates, and Corporations
 Fundamentals II: The Universe ca. 1600
 Absolutism I: Motives, Means, and Implications
 Absolutism II: Successes and Failures 
 Germany 
 France
 Poland
 Russia
 England, Scotland, and Ireland
 The United States
 The Scientific Revolution I: Nature
 Empiricism
 The Scientific Revolution II: Society
 Labor

3 The Early Modern West III: Enlightenment, Industrialization, and an Unraveled Compromise

 Fundamentals
 The Enlightenment I: Attitudes
 The Enlightenment II: Continuity with the Past?
 The Enlightenment III: Equality and Gender
 The Enlightenment IV: Race and Slavery
 The Crisis of the Ancien Regime: Rebellion and Revolution
 The American Revolution
 The Habsburg Lands
 The French Revolution
 Latin America
 Counterrevolutions: Thermidor, Napoleon,
and the Congress of Vienna
 The Industrial Revolution

4 The West, 1815–1914: The Search for Community, and Responses to the Enlightenment and Revolution

 Fundamentals: The Search for Community
 Change and Geist I: Romanticism
 Nationalism: Thinking about the Nation in the
First Half of the Nineteenth Century
 Nationalism and Politics: Movements of National Unification and Independence
 Greece
 Serbia and Bulgaria
 Hungary
 Germany
 Italy
 The United States
 Change and Geist II: Marxism
 Change and Geist III: Darwinism
 The New Toughness of Mind
 Imperialism I: Means
 Imperialism II: Motives and Attitudes
Reform, State, and People
The Crisis of the Fin de Siècle: Modernism and Postmodernism


5 From ca. 1914 to the Present: The Search for Community, Global Conflict, and the Harvest of the Modern West

 Fundamentals: State and Community
 The Great War
 The Great Depression
 Communism
 Fascism
 General Considerations
 Italy
 Brazil
 Germany
 World War II
 Cold War: The Pax Americana and Pax Communista
 The Fall of Western Empires
 Movements of Liberation in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
 Economy and Education: The Young
 Ideology and the Search for Community
 Women and Men
 Race
 Sexual Orientation
 Multiculturalism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
A Conservative Turn
A Global Community?

6 Coda: The Shaping of Western Civilization
Sources

Index