Time, Metaphor, and Language

Sarah Duffy is Senior Lecturer in English Language and Linguistics at Northumbria University and Co-Editor of Cambridge Elements in Cognitive Linguistics. Her research explores individual differences in metaphor comprehension, and features in journals such as Cognitive Linguistics, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, and Metaphor and Symbol. Michele Feist is Professor of Linguistics and LEQSF Regents Professor in Social Sciences at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Her research explores literal and metaphorical uses of spatial language, using cross-linguistic and experimental psycholinguistic methods, and appears in journals such as Cognition, Cognitive Science, and Language and Cognition.

1. Introduction: 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Overview; 2. The theory of metaphor: from language to cognition: 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Metaphor as linguistic flourish; 2.3. Metaphor comes into the mind; 2.4. Metaphor as interaction; 2.5. Metaphor as cognitive mapping; 2.6. Metaphor as conceptual blending; 2.7. Metaphor identification; 2.8. Metaphorical realities; 2.9. Time in the words of space; 2.10. Chapter conclusion; 3. Metaphor beyond language: testing the conceptual connections: 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Conceptual connections revealed by metaphor; 3.3. Psychological reality of metaphors; 3.4. Testing the space-time connection: Next Wednesday's meeting; 3.5. Chapter conclusion; 4. Time in space: cross-linguistic variation and metaphor: 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Orientation in space; 4.3. Orientation in time; 4.4. Motion in space; 4.5 Moving into metaphor; 4.6 Moving through time; 4.7 Chapter conclusion; 5. Conceptualizing time through language and space: 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Metaphor in the words we say; 5.3. Changing words, changing metaphors; 5.4. The hands as a window into the mind: evidence from gesture; 5.5. Mapping cultural artifacts to temporal reasoning; 5.6. Mapping metaphor to the world: disentangling lateral and sagittal mental timelines; 5.7. When space skips language: the linguistic structuring of space and non-linguistic metaphor; 5.8. Chapter conclusion; 6. Bringing in the cognizer: 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. Woeful or wonderful Wednesdays?: approach and avoidance motivations; 6.3. Broadening the net: the multifaceted individual; 6.4. Chapter conclusion; 7. Time across paradigms: 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Focus through the lens of culture; 7.3. Focus through an individual lens; 7.4. Broadening the focus: generalizability of the effects; 7.5. Chapter conclusion; 8. Discussion: 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Summary of the arguments; 8.3. Moving beyond time and space; 8.4. The bigger picture; 8.5. Concluding thoughts; References; Index.