The Roman Impact on the Economy of the Lower Germanic Limes Region

Erik Timmerman, Ph.D. (2021), University of Cologne, is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bonn. As a member of the Limes und Legion project, he currently researches Roman burials in Nijmegen East.

Acknowledgements

List of Figures and Tables



1 Introduction

 1.1 The Debate about Roman Economic Growth

 1.2 This Book’s Contribution



2 Setting the Stage

 2.1 The Natural Landscape

 2.2 The Pre-Roman Economy

 2.3 Conclusions



3 The Roman Impact

 3.1 The Roman Army

 3.2 Urbanisation

 3.3 Population Growth

 3.4 Roman Institutions

 3.5 Infrastructure

 3.6 Conclusions



4 Agricultural Production

 4.1 Long-Term Developments

 4.2 The Villa Landscape

 4.3 The Non-villa Landscapes

 4.4 Conclusions



5 Non-agricultural Production

 5.1 Extractive Industries

 5.2 Manufacturing



6 Trade

 6.1 Amphorae

 6.2 Terra sigillata

 6.3 Trade with Other Regions

 6.4 The Traders

 6.5 Conclusions



7 Living Standards

 7.1 Housebuilding

 7.2 Mobile Material Culture

 7.3 Conclusions



8 Final Conclusions

 8.1 Synthesis

 8.2 Interpretation

 8.3 Future Research

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3