LATER

Roger H. S. Carpenter was formerly Professor of Oculomotor Physiology, University of Cambridge and Tutor, Registrary and Director of Studies in Medicine, Gonville & Caius College. He was the creator of EPIC (the Experimental Physiology Instrumentation Computer) and NeuroLab, a set of interactive demonstrations on the working of the human brain. He was an influential scientist and passionate teacher of neurophysiology, collaborating with Dr Noorani on the project before his death in 2019. Professor Carpenter made lasting contributions to the field of neurophysiology and is widely regarded as an exceptional mentor by a plethora of his former students. Imran Noorani is a Neurosurgery NIHR Clinical Lecturer at University College London (Institute of Neurology). He worked closely with Professor Carpenter to advance the LATER model to more complex decision processes in the laboratory, such as antisaccades. Dr Noorani has won multiple awards for his research, including the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Award for Best Laboratory Research 2020, and in addition to clinical and research interests, has a strong interest in teaching undergraduates.

1. The slowness of reaction time; 2. LATER as a model of latency; 3. LATER as a model of decision; 4. Complex decisions: multiple LATER units; 5. LATER and the brain; 6. Larger implications; Appendix 1: Mathematical; Appendix 2: Clinical; Appendix 3: Practical.