Contacts of Languages and Peoples in the Hittite and Post-Hittite World

Federico Giusfredi is associate professor of Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the University of Verona. His research focuses on the languages, texts and cultures of Pre-Classical Near East. Alvise Matessi is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Verona. His research focuses on cultural and political landscapes and historical geography of the Pre-Classical Near East. Valerio Pisaniello is a postdoctoral researcher of Linguistics at the University of Verona. His main research interests focus on Indo-European studies and on linguistics and philology of the ancient Anatolian languages.

List of Figures

Abbreviations



1 Introduction

 F. Giusfredi

 1 What Is This Book?

 2 What This Book Is Not

 3 Structure of the Book

 4 Multi-Authored Chapters

 5 Chronologies

 6 Philological Conventions



Part 1 The Theoretical and Historical Setting and the Earlier Phases



2 Contacts of Cultures and Contacts of Languages

 F. Giusfredi

 1 Defining ‘Contact’

 2 Language Study as a Historical Tool

 3 Types and Areas of Language Contact in the Ancient Near East

 4 Concluding Remarks



3 Interregional Contacts and Interactions during the Fourth and Third Millennia BCE

 A. Matessi

 1 Introduction: Some Definitions

 2 The Fourth and Third Millennia BCE: An Age of Migrations?

 3 Metallurgy and Areal Interactions in Early Bronze Age Anatolia

 4 Concluding Remarks



4 Society, Culture, and Early Language Contact in Middle Bronze Age Anatolia (Ca. 1950–1650 BCE)

 A. Matessi and F. Giusfredi

 1 Introduction

 2 The Old Assyrian Merchants and Their Interactions with Anatolians

 3 The Peoples and Languages of Anatolia during the Old Assyrian Period

 4 The Geography and Scope of Old Assyrian Trade

 5 The Late Kārum Period and the Anitta Text (CTH 1)

 6 Non-Old Assyrian Commercial Networks



5 History, Society, and Culture in Anatolia and Neighboring Regions during the Hittite Period (Ca. 1650–1190 BCE)

 A. Matessi

 1 Introduction

 2 The Formative Period and the Question of Ethnicity: Hittites and Hattians

 3 Hatti, Luwiya, and Pala: Core-Periphery Dialectics in Hittite Anatolia

 4 The Empire Period: A Historical Outline

 5 Shaping the Cultural Landscape of Hittite Anatolia

 6 Concluding Remarks



6 Hittite Anatolia and the Cuneiform Koiné

 F. Giusfredi, A. Matessi and V. Pisaniello

 1 The Cuneiform Koiné

 2 Cuneiform in Anatolia: The General Context

 3 Cuneiform Archives of Anatolia and the Relevant Neighboring Areas

 4 Concluding Remarks



Part 2 The Foreign Languages of the Hittite Archives and Textual Evidence for Interference



7 Sumerian Literary and Magical Texts from Hattuša

 M. Viano

 1 Corpus, Scripts, and Findspots

 2 The Purpose of Texts

 3 The Reception of Sumerian Texts at Hattuša



8 Akkadian and Akkadian Texts in Hittite Anatolia

 F. Giusfredi and V. Pisaniello

 1 Previous Studies on the Akkadian of the Hattuša Archives

 2 The Akkadian Texts from Boğazköy: A Categorization

 3 The Akkadian of Politics and Administration

 4 The Akkadian of the Cultural Tradition

 5 Concluding Remarks



9 Hattian Texts and Hattian in the Hittite Archives

 A. Rizza

 1 Denomination and Identity

 2 The Textual Documentation

 3 The Status of Hattian in Hittite Anatolia



10 Hurrians and Hurrian in Hittite Anatolia

 F. Giusfredi and V. Pisaniello

 1 Hurrians and Anatolia

 2 Areal Relationships of Hurrian and the Hurrians

 3 Hurrian Texts from the Hittite World: Chronology, Typology, and Functions

 4 The Status of Hurrian in Anatolia

 5 Concluding Remarks



11 Cuneiform Luwian in the Hattuša Archives

 I. Yakubovich

 1 What Is (Cuneiform) Luwian and Where Is Luwiya?

 2 Contact-Induced Changes

 3 The Status of Luwian in Time and Space



12 Palaic in the Hittite Archives

 F. Giusfredi

 1 What Is Palaic and Where Is Pala?

 2 Areal Relationships of Palaic

 3 The Status of Palaic in the Hittite World

 4 Concluding Remarks



13 Indo-Aryans in the Ancient Near East

 V. Pisaniello and P. Cotticelli-Kurras

 1 Indo-Iranian People in the Ancient Near East: An Overview of the Studies

 2 Sources

 3 Linguistic Analysis

 4 Concluding Remarks



Part 3 Contact Phenomena in Late Bronze Age Anatolia



14 Lexical Contact in and around Hittite Anatolia

 V. Pisaniello and F. Giusfredi

 1 Theoretical Framework

 2 The Languages Involved

 3 The Early Northwestern Interface

 4 Akkadian and the Languages of Anatolia

 5 Hurrian, Luwian, and Hittite between Hatti and Kizzuwatna

 6 Luwian and Hittite at Hattuša

 7 Concluding Remarks



15 Grammatical Interference and the Languages of the Hittite Archives

 F. Giusfredi and V. Pisaniello

 1 Grammatical Interference

 2 The Structural Levels of Grammar

 3 In the Languages of the Hittite Archives

 4 Concluding Remarks



16 Conclusion to Volume 1



References

Index