The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe

Katherine Kondor is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX) at the University of Oslo and a Visiting Fellow in Media and Illiberalism at Loughborough University. She studies recruitment practices, pathways into far-right organisations, and far-right cultural production, particularly in the Hungarian far right. Katherine has published on the Hungarian far right, online extremism, the use of the digital space in the study of the far right, and audience engagement with media. Mark Littler is an Associate Professor of Criminology and deputy head of the School of Law and Criminology at Liverpool Hope University. He was previously senior lecturer in Criminology and Security Studies at the University of Huddersfield, and a lecturer in Criminology at the University of Hull. He is a series editor for Routledge Studies in Digital Extremism, an associate editor of Behavioural Science of Terrorism and Political Aggression, and Co-chair of the European Society of Criminology’s Working Group on Terrorism, Extremism, and Radicalization.

Introduction

Katherine Kondor and Mark Littler

PART I – Eastern Europe

1. The far-right, football hooligans and their instrumentalization by an authoritarian regime: Serbia as case study

Jovo Bakić

2. The Far Right in Ukraine

Tamta Gelashvili

3. The Russian far right: A changing landscape of spaces of hate

Mihai Varga

PART II – Central Europe

4. The importance of subnational politics for far-right strength: The east-west divide in Germany

Sabine Volk and Manes Weisskircher

5. The Austrian far right: historical continuities and the case of the Ulrichsberg commemorations

Michael Zeller

6. Four Cycles of the Czech Far-Right’s Contention

Jan Charvát , Ondřej Slačálek, and Eva Svatoňová

7. Hungary’s goulash-nationalism: The tough stew of the Hungarian far right

Katherine Kondor and Rudolf Paksa

PART III – Southern Europe

8. The New Populist Radical Right in Portugal: the Chega party

Riccardo Marchi

9. The Radicalisation of the Mainstream: Populist Radical Right Parties and Extreme Right-Wing Movements in Italy (2012-2022)

Valerio Alfonso Bruno and James Downes

10. Far Right in Greece: A foretold story

Vasiliki Tsagkroni

11. The Greek-Cypriot far-right space, its history and ELAM’s trajectory

Giorgos Charalambous

PART IV – Northern Europe

12. The evolution of the extreme right in Norway since 1990s

Anders Ravik Jupskås and Tore Bjørgo

13. The far right in Sweden

Anders Widfeldt

14. The shift to the right in Denmark

Mette Wiggen

PART V – Western Europe

15. The French right

Nicolas LeBourg and Marlène Laruelle

16. Alone at the Table: The Dutch Identitair Verzet and the European Identarian Movement

Sting Daniels and Yannick Veilleux-Lepage

17. Radical right-wing politics on the island of Ireland

Jim McAuley and Shaun McDaid

18. Towards a Truly Post-Organisational Movement? The Contemporary UK Far Right and its Organisational Trajectory since 2009

William Allchorn

EPILOGUE – Selected Current Issues in the European Far Right

19. ‘America coughs, and we catch a cold’: Mapping the relationship between the American far right and British and European activism

Paul Jackson

20. Gendering the Far-Right Continuum in Europe

Cristian Ov Norocel

21. Misogyny as a Gateway to Far-Right Hate: A Quantitative Exploration in Great Britain

Antoinette Huber, Gavin Hart, and Mark Littler