Franciscan Poverty and Franciscan Economic Thought (1209-1348)

Ryan Thornton received a Ph.D. from l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris, and is a fellow at the Collegium Sancti Bonaventurae (Quaracchi), Rome.

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations



Introduction

 0.1 Past Approaches

  0.1.1 From Economics to Franciscan Economic Thought

  0.1.2 From Franciscan History to Franciscan Economic Thought

  0.1.3 Going Further

 0.2 Pairing Franciscan Poverty and Franciscan Economic Thought

  0.2.1 Questions

  0.2.2 Method



1 Defining Franciscan Poverty

 1.1 Francis of Assisi: Milieu and Early Life

  1.1.1 The Catholic Church in the 12th Century: Reform

  1.1.2 Assisi in the 12th Century: Merchants

  1.1.3 The Poverello

 1.2 Founding of the Order of Friars Minor

  1.2.1 A Group around Francis

  1.2.2 A Gospel Life with Papal Approval

  1.2.3 Ordo Fratrum Minorum

 1.3 Poverty and the Rules

  1.3.1 The Earlier Rule: Chapters 8 and 9

  1.3.2 Rule of 1223: Chapters IV, V, and VI

  1.3.3 Francis, His Father, and Being a ‘Lesser Brother’

  1.3.4 The Testament

 1.4 Poverty and the Pope

  1.4.1 The Problem of the Testament

  1.4.2 Quo Elongati

 1.5 Use versus Ownership



2 Developing Franciscan Poverty

 2.1 The Franciscans after Francis

  2.1.1 Leadership and Change within the Order

  2.1.2 Ordinem Vestrum and Quanto Studiosius

  2.1.3 Reactions and Legislation

 2.2 The Friars Minor and Conflict in the Church

  2.2.1 Players and Prelude

  2.2.2 Episodes

  2.2.3 Comparisons and Contrasts

 2.3 Franciscan Poverty Post-Conflict

  2.3.1 Centrality

  2.3.2 Renewed Reflection

  2.3.3 Divisions with the Dominicans

  2.3.4 Papal Approval

 2.4 Franciscan Poverty Defined and Decreed



3 Expressions of Franciscan Economic Thought

 3.1 Exiit Qui Seminat and Its Aftermath

  3.1.1 Moderation and Innovation

  3.1.2 A New Debate

  3.1.3 Usus Pauper and Procurators

 3.2 Peter of John Olivi’s Economic Thought

  3.2.1 Contracts and the Just Price

  3.2.2 Usury and Investment

 3.3 John Duns Scotus’ Economic Thought

  3.3.1 Justice, Contracts, and the Gift

  3.3.2 Influence of Exiit Qui Seminat

 3.4 Franciscan Poverty in Franciscan Economic Thought



4 Continuation of Franciscan Economic Thought

 4.1 Divisions and Divides

 4.2 Complaints to the Pope

 4.3 The Clementine Solution

 4.4 The Role of Superiors

 4.5 Gerald Odonis’ Economic Thought

  4.5.1 Transfers and Authority

  4.5.2 Usury and Use

 4.6 Developments in Poverty, Developments in Economic Thought



5 The Redefinition of Franciscan Poverty

 5.1 Problems in Provence

 5.2 The Inquisition

 5.3 John XXII

  5.3.1 Undoing Exiit Qui Seminat

  5.3.2 Reconsidering Use

  5.3.3 Common Ownership

  5.3.4 Fractures

 5.4 William of Ockham’s Revised Thought

  5.4.1 State of Affairs

  5.4.2 Questions of Right

  5.4.3 Economic to Political

 5.5 Reflection Reoriented



Epilogue: The Reprise of Franciscan Economic Thought

 E.1 The Legacy of Gerald Odonis

 E.2 Observance within an Observance

 E.3 Francesc Eiximenis’ Political Thought

 E.4 Bernardine of Siena’s Economic Thought

 E.5 Franciscan Poverty and Franciscan Economic Thought



Bibliography

Index