The Iconography of Family Members in Egypt’s Elite Tombs of the Old Kingdom

Jing Wen, Ph.D. (2018), University of Pennsylvania, works at the Institute of World History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. She has published articles and books on Egyptology, including The Dawn of the Egyptian Civilization (Peking University Press, 2022).

List of Tables, Figures and Charts

Abbreviations



Introduction



1 Children of the Tomb Owner

 1 The Designations of Children

 2 The Titles of Children

 3 Stances, Clothing, and Accessories of Children

 4 Children as Offering Bearers

 5 Rituals Performed by Children



2 Siblings of the Tomb Owner

 1 The Designations of Siblings

 2 The Titles of Siblings

 3 Stances, Clothing, and Accessories of Siblings

 4 Siblings as Offering Bearers

 5 Siblings in Ritual Scenes



3 Parents and Other Relatives

 1 The Designations and Titles of Parents of the Tomb Owner

 2 Designations and Titles of Other Relatives

 3 Stance of Parents

 4 Stance of Other Relatives of the Tomb Owner

 5 Conclusion: the Depiction of Family Members



4 Family Groups and the sn-ḏt Problem

 1 Family Groups

 2 The sn-ḏt and Its Meaning

 3 Conclusion



5 The Role of Family Members in the Funerary Cult

 1 Family Members Carrying Offerings

 2 Family Members Carrying stpt-Offerings

 3 Textual Evidence for Making Offerings

 4 The Role of Family Members as Offering Bearers and Language-Games in Different Contexts

 5 Conclusion



Conclusion



Appendix 1 References of Tombs

Appendix 2 Designations and Titles of Family Members

Appendix 3 Stance of Family Members

Appendix 4 Family Groups

Appendix 5 Occurrences of Stances

Appendix 6 Tombs Containing Specific Stances

Bibliography

General Index

Index of Egyptian Words