The Global Handbook of Media Accountability

Susanne Fengler is Professor of International Journalism and Director of the Erich Brost Institute for International Journalism at TU Dortmund University, Germany. She is the co-editor of Journalists and Media Accountability: An International Study of News People in the Digital Age, Cultures of Transparency: Between Promise and Peril, and The European Handbook of Media Accountability. Tobias Eberwein is Senior Researcher at the Institute for Comparative Media and Communication Studies at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. He is the co-editor of Media Accountability in the Era of Post-Truth Politics: European Challenges and Perspectives, Mapping Media Accountability – In Europe and Beyond, and The European Handbook of Media Accountability. Matthias Karmasin is Director of the Institute for Comparative Media and Communication Studies at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, and Full Professor at the Department of Media and Communications at the University of Klagenfurt, Austria. He is the co-editor of Responsibility and Resistance: Ethics in Mediatized Worlds, the Handbook of Integrated CSR Communication, and The European Handbook of Media Accountability.

Part 1 Introduction 1 Media Accountability: A Global Perspective Part 2 Anglo-Saxon Countries 2 Overview: Anglo-Saxon Countries 3 The United Kingdom: Consolidation and Fragmentation 4 The United States of America: The Triumph of Autonomy over Accountability 5 Canada: Fragile Consolidation Efforts in Media Accountability 6 Australia and New Zealand: A Resurgence of Public Interest in Media Performance Part 3 Western Europe 7 Overview: Western Europe 8 Sweden: Old Wine in New Bottles 9 Germany: Beyond the Beacon 10 Spain: An Expanding Accountability Landscape with Major Challenges to Overcome 11 Italy: Overregulation, Media Concentration, Political Transparency, and Economic Crisis Part 4 Central and Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space 12 Overview: Central and Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space 13 Poland: Polarized Model of Media Accountability 14 Hungary: Growing Concentration, Intensifying Control 15 Estonia: From Analog to Digital – One Step Upward but Two Steps Back? 16 Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Authority, the Media, and the Public in Correlating Multiple Negative Influences 17 Ukraine: Lack of Self-Regulation in an Oligarch-Driven Media Landscape 18 Russia: Media Accountability in a Polarized Society 19 Kyrgyzstan: Accountability in a Constrained Media Environment Part 5 Turkey, Israel, the Mena Region, and Iran 20 Overview: Turkey, Israel, the MENA Region, and Iran 21 Turkey: Crackdowns against Journalists are Paralyzing Media Accountability 22 Israel: The Importance of Alternative Media as a Media Accountability Instrument 23 Morocco: Accountability at a Nascent Stage 24 Tunisia: The Urgent Need for Media Accountability 25 Egypt: No Horizons for Independent Media Accountability? 26 Jordan: (Still) Co-Opted and Contained 27 Iraq: Citizens Finally Taking Media into Account 28 Iran: Centralized Control and Tattered Accountability Part 6 Sub-Saharan Africa 29 Overview: Sub-Saharan Africa 30 Kenya: An Exploration of Media Regulation and Accountability 31 Nigeria: Democratic Press, Authoritarian Government ? 32 Ghana: The Double-Bind of Media Freedom 33 South Africa: Media Accountability in a Young Democracy 34 Namibia: Fit for Purpose? A Critical Assessment of the Performance of the Media Ombudsperson System 35 Uganda: The Arduous Quest for Media Accountability 36 Zimbabwe: Media Accountability in an Authoritarian Context Part 7 Asia 37 Overview: Asia 38 India: Strong State and Weak Media Accountability 39 Pakistan: Corporatization and Weak Ethics 40 Myanmar: Potential Diversity, Unfulfilled Hopes 41 Japan: Corporate Accountability First 42 China: Little Prospect of Enhanced Media Accountability 43 Hong Kong: Media in Political Turmoil 44 Indonesia: A Press Council with Exceptional Powers Part 8 Latin America 45 Overview: Latin America 46 Argentina: Advances and Setbacks in the Democratization of Communication 47 Brazil: Media Accountability Instruments, Journalists, and Media Ownership 48 Chile: Double System of Self-Regulation and a few Union Organizations 49 Mexico: Searching for a More Independent and Democratic Media System 50 Colombia: Media Observatories and Ombudspersons as Places of Reflection 51 Costa Rica: Media Responsibility as a Pending Issue Part 9 Conclusions 52 Summary of Country Chapters 53 A Comparative Analysis of Media Accountability across the Globe: Models, Frameworks, Perspectives