General Reference

Biblical Archaeologist. Now Near Eastern Archaeology.

Biblical Archaeology Review.

Boardman, John, et al., eds. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Botterweck, G. Johannes, and Helmer Ringgren, eds. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975-.

Bromiley, Geoffrey, ed. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988.

Douglas, J. D., ed. The Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Wheaton: Tyndale House, 1980.

Freedman, D. N., ed. The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Hallo, W. W., and K. L. Younger, eds. Context of Scripture. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

Mazar, Benjamin, ed. Views of the Biblical World. Jerusalem: International Publications, 1959.

——–, ed. World History of the Jewish People. Jerusalem: Masada, 1963-1979.

Meyers, Eric, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Pritchard, James, ed. Ancient Near East in Pictures. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.

———. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Reiner, Erica, et al., eds. Chicago Assyrian Dictionary. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956-.

Ryken, Leland, et al., eds. Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1998.

Sasson, Jack. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribner’s, 1995.

Stern, Ephraim, ed. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.

Van der Toorn, Karel, et al., eds. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Leiden: Brill, 1995.

VanGemeren, Willem, ed. New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997.

Books on Particular Aspects of Bible Background

Aberbach, Moshe. Labor, Crafts and Commerce in Ancient Israel. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1994.

Ackerman, Susan. Under Every Green Tree: Popular Religion in Sixth-Century Judah. Harvard Semitic Monographs 46. Atlanta: Scholars, 1992.

Aharoni, Yohanan. The Land of the Bible. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1979.

Amiet, Pierre. Art of the Ancient Near East. New York: Abrams, 1980.

Anderson, B. W. Gemstones for Everyman. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1976.

Baines, John, and Jaromír Málek. Atlas of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File, 1980.

Beckman, Gary. Hittite Diplomatic Texts. Atlanta: Scholars, 1996.

Beitzel, Barry. The Moody Atlas of Bible Lands. Chicago: Moody Press, 1985.

Berquist, Jon. Judaism in Persia’s Shadow. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995.

Borowski, Oded. Agriculture in Iron Age Israel. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1987.

———. Every Living Thing. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Alta Mira, 1998.

Bottéro, Jean. Mesopotamia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Cansdale, George. All the Animals of the Bible Lands. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Chirichigno, Gregory. Debt-Slavery in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Sheffield, U.K.: JSOT, 1993.

Clifford, R. J. Creation Accounts in the Ancient Near East and the Bible. Washington, D.C.: Catholic Biblical Association, 1994.

Cook, J. M. The Persian Empire. New York: Schocken, 1983.

Crenshaw, James C. Education in Ancient Israel. New York: Doubleday, 1998.

Cross, F. M. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.

Cryer, Frederick H. Divination in Ancient Israel and Its Near Eastern Environment. Sheffield, U.K.: JSOT, 1994.

Currid, John. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997.

Dalley, Stephanie. Myths of Mesopotamia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Davies, W. D., et al. The Cambridge History of Judaism. Vol. 1, The Persian Period.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Dearman, Andrew. Religion and Culture in Ancient Israel. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1992.

Eshkenazi, Tamara, and Kent Richards, eds. Second Temple Studies. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994.

Fisher, Loren R., ed. Ras Shamra Parallels 2. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1975.

Forbes, R. J. Studies in Ancient Technology. 9 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1964-.

Foster, Benjamin. From Distant Days. Bethesda, Md.: CDL, 1995.

Frankfort, Henri. Before Philosophy. Baltimore: Penguin, 1946.

Fritz, Volkmar. The City in Ancient Israel. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1995.

Gammie, John, and L. G. Perdue, eds. The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1990.

Gershevitch, Ilya, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2, The Median and Achaemenid Periods Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Gower, Ralph. The New Manners and Customs of Bible Times. Chicago: Moody Press, 1987.

Grabbe, Lester. Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992.

Haran, Menahem. Temples and Temple Service in Ancient Israel. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1985.

Hepper, F. Nigel. Baker Encyclopedia of Bible Plants. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.

Hill, Andrew. Enter His Courts with Praise. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993.

Hillers, D. R. Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969.

Hoerth, Alfred. Archaeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.

Hoerth, Alfred, Gerald Mattingly, and Edwin Yamauchi. Peoples of the Old Testament World. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.

Horowitz, Wayne. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1998.

Jacobsen, Thorkild. The Harps That Once… New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987.

———. Treasures of Darkness. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976.

Keel, Othmar. The Symbolism of the Biblical World. New York: Seabury Press, 1978. Keel, Othmar, and Christoph Uehlinger. Gods, Goddesses and Images of God in Ancient Israel. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998.

King, Philip. Hosea, Amos, Hosea, Micah: An Archaeological Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1988.

Kitchen, Kenneth A. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1986.

Kloos, Carola. Yhwh’s Combat with the Sea. Leiden: Brill, 1986.

Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: 3000-330 B.C. London: Routledge, 1997.

Lambert, W. G. Babylonian Wisdom Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960.

Lichtheim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

Matthews, Victor. Manners and Customs in the Bible. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1988.

Matthews, Victor, and Donald Benjamin. The Social World of Ancient Israel, 1250587 B.C.E. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1993.

———. Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East, 2d ed. New York: Paulist, 1997.

Mazar, Amihai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

McNutt, P. M. The Forging of Israel: Iron Technology, Symbolism and Tradition in Ancient Society. Sheffield, U.K.: Almond, 1990.

Millard, Alan. Treasures from Bible Times. Tring, U.K.: Lion, 1985.

Miller, J. Maxwell, and John Hayes. A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1986.

Miller, Patrick D. They Cried to the Lord. Louisville: Fortress, 1994.

Moore, Carey. Studies in the Book of Esther. New York: Ktav, 1982.

Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Morenz, Siegfried. Egyptian Religion. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1973.

Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1998.

Oppenheim, A. L. Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.

———. Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East. TAPS 46, no. 3. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1956.

Parker, Simon. Ugaritic Narrative Poetry. Atlanta: Scholars, 1997.

Paul, Shalom, and William Dever. Biblical Archaeology. Jerusalem: Keter, 1973.

Perdue, Leo G., et al., eds. Families in Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997.

Pitard, Wayne. Ancient Damascus. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1987.

Rasmussen, Carl. NIV Atlas of the Bible. Grand Rapids:...