Change and Identity in the Music Cultures of Lombok, Indonesia

David D. Harnish, PhD (1991), University of San Diego, is Professor and Chair of Music at USD. He has published book chapters, articles, and Bridges to the Ancestors: Music, Myth, and Cultural Politics at an Indonesian Festival (U-Hawaii Press, 2006).

Acknowledgements

List of Figures and Tables

Notes on Orthography, Terms, and Names



Introduction

 Setting the Scene

 1 Histories and Religions

 2 Musics of Lombok

 3 People and Places

 4 Fieldwork Histories

 5 Organizing Music and Identity



1 Change, Religion, and Identity in Music Cultures

 1 Religion, Religious Identities, and Interreligious Relationships

 2 Constructing and Dismantling Pluralism and Tolerance

 3 Modernity and Change

 4 Politicizing Identities and Musics

 5 Changing Islams and a Sasak Movement

 6 Music and Identity

 7 Sonic Identities and Situating ‘Tradition’

 8 Exploring Change on Lombok



2 ‘Traditional’ Musics

 Functions, Contestations, Interpretations

 1 Gamelan-type Ensembles

 2 Gamelan Gong Sasak/Gong Kebyar

 3 Vocal Music

 4 Sacred Forms

 5 Other Dance and Theatre

 6 Summary



3 The Phenomenon of Gendang Beleq

 1 From Ritual to Stage

 2 Transitions

 3 Analysis of Chapter



4 Wayang Sasak

 Shadowplay, Practices, Elements, and Narratives

 1 Symbolism, Characters, and Identity

 2 Accompaniment

 3 Government Interventions

 4 Situating Puppeteers and Processes

 5 The Situation Today and Tomorrow



5 Music, Islam, and Islamization

 1 Islam on Lombok

 2 Issues of Music and Islam

 3 Musik Islam

 4 Zikrsamman

 5 Marawis

 6 Tongkek

 7 Realizations of Burdah, Hadrah, and Rebana Burdah

 8 Synthesis



6 Popular Musics and ‘Musik Rakyat’

 1 Weddings

 2 Musik Rakyat: Gambus, Cilokaq, Kecimol Asli, and Amaq Sadar

 3 Musik Rakyat on the Street: Gula Gending and Selober

 4 Popular Musics: Cultural and Gender Identities, and Erni Ayuningsih

 5 Global Styles and Novi Bhavan

 6 Synthesis: Intersections and Divergences of Folk and Popular Musics



7 Minority Musics of Lombok

 1 Overview of Other Musics of Minority Populations

 2 Sasak Buddhists, Rituals, and Musics

 3 Lombok Balinese Music Culture

 4 Summary of Chapter



8 Nexus of Sasak/Balinese Interaction

 The Lingsar Festival

 1 Reflective Takes on the Site, the Festival, and the Participants

 2 Agamaization

 3 Bridges to the Ancestors

 4 Politicizing Lingsar: Contestation, Narratives, and the State

 5 Tolerance of Ambiguity

 6 A Long View



9 Performing Arts Education and Issues of Sustainability

 1 Between Apathy and Sustainability

 2 Indonesian Nation-building

 3 Mochammad Yamin and lpsn

 4 The Bidang Kesenian

 5 Arts Education in the 21st Century

 6 Contextualizing Benefits of Music Sustainability

 7 Concluding Thoughts



10 Conclusion

 Making Sense of All of This

 1 Musics as Representation

 2 Histories of Change

 3 Ambivalence, Sociopolitical Identities, and the Arts

 4 Final Thoughts on Musics and Identities



Bibliography

Index