Arming the Sultan

Naci Yorulmaz is Research Scholar at the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington. He holds a PhD from the University of Birmingham.

Notes on Usage i
Table of Contents ii
List of Tables iv
List of Figures vi
List of Maps and Images vi
List of Abbreviations vii

Introduction

Chapter I: The German Expansionism and the Political and Economic Foundation of the German Style of War Business
in the Ottoman Empire (1880-1898)

Bismarck and His Ottoman Policy: The First Step towards

Peaceful Penetration

Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Origin of His Ottoman Policy

Kaiser Wilhelm II’s First Orientreise in 1889 and its

Consequences (1889)

Chapter II: German Military Advisers: Businessmen in Uniform

A Vital Link for the Export Dependent Armaments Industry

Trojan horse for German Arms Industry: The First German Military Mission in the Ottoman Empire (1882-1885)
Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz Pasha (1843-1916): A Hero for Everyone
Chapter III: Arms Orders and Contracts:

The First Fruits of Personal Diplomacy

Coastal Fortification with Krupp Guns in 1885/1886

The Mauser Operations: Professional Teamwork
Chapter IV: Kaiser Wilhelm II and

The Political Economy of Personal Diplomacy (1898-1914)

Kaiser Wilhelm II’s Second Orientreise in 1898 as Multi-dimensional Personal Diplomacy
The Concrete Outcomes of the Kaiser’s Second Orientreise: Some Critical Concessions
Kaiser Wilhelm II and His Contribution to the German Style of War Business
Chapter V: Sultan Abdülhamid II and His Bureaucrats (1876-1914)

Sultan Abdülhamid II and the Arms Trade in the Shadow of Personal Trust
The Ottoman Bureaucrats: Personal Ties with the Arms Makers

The Ottoman Inspection and Control Commission in Germany: Inspectors or Friends?
Chapter VI: The Power Shift and its Consequences (1908-1914)

The First Episode: The Old Regime and The Old Friend (1908-1909)

The Second Episode: The New Regime and The Old Friend (1909-1914)


Conclusion

Endnotes
Bibliography