Cultivation I

Preface
1 Introduction to College Writing
1.1 Good Writers Are Made, Not Born
Common Misconceptions About Writing
Myth #1: I'm Not Good at It
Myth #2: Writing Is Easy for Some People but Difficult for Me
Myth #3: Writing Is Not Fun
Myth #4: Writing Is Not Important
Becoming a Good Writer
Master Writing Tasks
Practice Writing
1.2 Common Elements in All Writing
The Writing Situation and Context
The Writing Situation
Considering Context
Rhetoric
Appeals to the Reader
Persuasion
Formal Versus Informal Language and the Standard College Essay
Formal and Informal Writing and the Personal Essay
Code Switching
1.3 Tools of the Trade
General Writing Resources
Ashford University Writing Resources
Ashford University Library
Ashford Writing Center
Teaching Assistants/Writing Coaches
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
2 College Reading
2.1 Reading to Write and Learn
Reading Misconceptions
Reading to Write
Reading to Learn
2.2 Strategies for Active Reading
Annotating and Note Taking
Journaling and Reflection
Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review
Survey
Question
Read
Recite
Review
Reading Visuals
2.3 Reading for Academic Success
Reading for Key Words and Action Verbs
Understanding Discussion Questions and Written Assignments
Discussion Questions and Posts
Reading and Understanding Assignments
Assignment Grading
2.4 Critical Reading: Putting It Into Practice
Critical Reading Exercise: Ralph Waldo Emerson
Critical Reading Exercise: Sophocles
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
3 College Writing
3.1 The Purpose and Types of College Writing
The Purpose of College Writing
Types of College Writing
3.2 Personal Writing
Recognizing a Personal Writing Assignment
Characteristics of Personal Writing
3.3 Expository Writing
Recognizing an Expository Writing Assignment
Types and Characteristics of Expository Writing
Discussion Questions and Posts
Written Assignments
3.4 Persuasive and Argumentative Writing
Recognizing Persuasive and Argumentative Writing Assignments
Characteristics of Persuasive Writing
Characteristics of Argumentative Writing
3.5 Writing Research Papers
Recognizing Research Paper Assignments
Characteristics of Research Papers
3.6 Writing Combination Papers
Recognizing Combination Paper Assignments
Characteristics of Combination Papers
3.7 The Writer's Voice
Understanding Tone and Voice
Identifying Appropriate Tone and Voice
Developing the Writer's Voice
Be Yourself
Be an Ethical Writer
Spend More Time Revising Than Writing
Voice and Types of College Writing
Chapter Summary
Exercise: Identifying an Essay
Key Terms
4 Selecting a Topic and Prewriting
4.1 Selecting a Subject
Understand the Assignment
Consider the Audience
Start With Yourself and What You Know
4.2 Developing the Topic
Narrowing the Topic
Developing a Focus
4.3 Generating Ideas
Journaling
Brainstorming
Free-Writing
Tree Charts
Ask the ""Five Ws and an H"" Questions
4.4 Organizing Ideas
Mind Mapping
Outlining
Scratch Outlines
Formal Outlines
Reverse Outlining
4.5 Prewriting: Putting It All Together
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
5 Structuring and Developing a Paper
5.1 The Introduction
Capture the Reader's Attention
Reveal the Paper's Purpose and the Topic
Crafting the Thesis Statement
The Controlling Idea
Elements of a Strong Thesis
Preview the Main Points of the Paper
Setting Reader Expectations
52 The Body of the Paper
Crafting Topic Sentences
Supplying Supporting Detail
Paragraph Cohesion and Transitions
Approximate Body Paragraph Balance
Body Paragraph Organization
5.3 The Conclusion
Signal the Conclusion of the Paper
Summarize Main Points
End on a Strong Note
5.4 Structure Across Paper Types
Structure and the Narrative Essay
Structure and the Expository Essay
Structure and the Argument Essay
Structure and the Research Paper
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
6 Personal Writing
6.1 What Is Personal Writing?
The Purpose of Personal Writing
Recognizing Personal Writing Assignments
When It Is Not Personal
Opinion Papers
Reflective Papers
Response Papers
Creative Writing Assignments
Combination Papers
6.2 Personal Writing Conventions
Tone and Language
Point of View
Structure and Supporting Ideas
6.3 Narrative Writing Pattern
The Purpose of Narrative
Consider the Audience
Develop the Thesis
Develop the Plot
Anticipate and Answer Possible Reader Questions
Use Language and Dialogue Effectively
Concrete Language
Effective Dialogue
Maintain Clear Narrative Order
6.4 Descriptive Writing Pattern
The Purpose of Description
Use Specific Language
Select Specific Details
Use Descriptive Language
Compare the Unfamiliar to the Familiar
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
7 Exposition
7.1 Understanding Expository Writing
Tone and Language
Point of View
Structure and Supporting Ideas
Thesis Statement
Paragraph Organization and Transitions
Supporting Details
7.2 Conventions of Expository Writing
Definition
Classification
Description
7.3 Informative Writing
The Purpose of Informative Writing
Understanding Informative Writing
Structure of Informative Papers
7.4 Comparison and Contrast Writing
The Purpose of Comparison-and-Contrast Writing
Understanding Comparison-and-Contrast Writing
Find Commonalities and Differences
Structure of Comparison-and-Contrast Papers
Select an Organizational Arrangement
Make the Comparison or Contrast Apparent to Readers
7.5 Cause-and-Effect Writing
The Purpose of Cause-and-Effect Writing
Understanding Cause-and-Effect Writing
Causal Analysis
Forms of Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Structure of Cause-and-Effect Papers
7.6 Analytical Writing
The Purpose of Analytical Writing
Understanding Analytical Writing
Structure of Analytical Papers
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
8 Revising, Editing, and Proofreading
8.1 The First Draft
Getting Content Down on Paper
Planning for Revision and the Thesis Statement
8.2 Revising
Revising With Feedback
Revising Specific Components of the Essay
Is the Paper Focused?
Is the Paper Well Structured and Well Organized?
Is the Paper Complete?
Is the Paper Coherent?
8.3 Editing
Style and Language
Tone and Voice
Denotations and Connotations
Trigger Words
Synonyms
Clarity and Conciseness
8.4 Proofreading
Proofreading Strategies
Microsoft Word Tools
References and Formatting
8.5 The Final Draft
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
9 Revision...Or Something Else
9.1 Methods for Revising
Method 1: Reverse Outlining
Method 2: Reading Imperatively
Method 3: Writing Letters
Method 4: Providing Support for Assertions
10 That Something Else: Reframing
Glossary
References