The Cyprus Issue

Murat Metin Hakki has been awarded law degrees from the University of Southampton, the London School of Economics and Cornell Law School, as well as a Masters of Arts degree in Middle Eastern Studies from Harvard University. He has published articles in various journals and newspapers in Cyprus, Turkey and Greece.

PART I: CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES

Cyprus under British Rule
1. Convention of Defensive Alliance between Great Britain and Turkey, 4 June 1878
2. Annex to the Anglo–Turkish Convention signed between the two sides, 1 July 1878
3. Unilateral annexation of Cyprus, 5 November 1914
4. Turkey ratifies the unilateral British annexation of Cyprus
5. Implicit recognition of the colonial peoples’ right to self-determination
6. Demands for independence begin: the Winster Constitutional Proposals of 1948
7. The Radcliffe Proposals: a summary
8. The Macmillan Plan of 1958

The Republic of Cyprus Framework
9. The Zurich and London Agreements, 19 February 1959
10. Defence of Cyprus in the post-independence era
11. Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus

The Bloodbath Begins
12. President Makarios’s 13 points, 30 November 1963
13. The Akritas Plan (1963)
14. The Johnson letter of 5 June 1964
15. The doctrine of necessity and Greek Cypriot justifications for certain departures from the 1960 Constitution
16. United Nations commentary on the bi-communal problems: report of UN mediator Galo Plaza to the Secretary-General (1965)

In Search of a Solution
17. The Acheson Plan (1967)
18. Letters to and from Acheson and Papandreou, summer 1964
19. Missed opportunity: Denktash–Cleridesletters, spring and summer 1971
20. Speech by Makarios delivered before the UN Security Council on 19 July 1974
21. Geneva Declaration on Cyprus of 30 July 1974
22. Third Vienna agreement and population exchange, 2 August 1975
23. High-level agreement of 12 February 1977: bio-zonality and federalism
24. Ten-point agreement of 19 May 1979
25. The unilateral declaration of independence
(15 November 1983) and its aftermath 196
26. The constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (May 1985)
27. De Cuéllar’s ideas(1986)
28. Greek-Cypriot outline proposals for a federal solution to the Cyprus problem,1989
29. Boutros-Ghali’s set of ideas on an overall framework agreement on Cyprus(1992)
30. Confidence building measures: an introduction (1 July 1993)
31. Proposal of Greek-Cypriot side on the demilitarization of Cyprus
32. Missile dispute threatens Cyprus truce(1997–98)
33. Documents given by Denktash to the UN Secretary-General during their meeting in Geneva, 28 March 1998
34. Basis for agreement on a comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem: Kofi Annan’s plan, submitted to the parties on 31 March 2004
UN Security Council Resolutions 367
35. Resolution 186 (1964) on the legal situation in Cyprus just after December 1963 and adopted by the Security Council on 4 March 1964
36. Some international reactions to the Turkish military operation of summer 1974
37. Resolution 367(1975) adopted by the Security Council by consensus on 12 March 1975: proclamation of the Federated Turkish State and other developments
38. Resolution 541 (1983): the UN condemnation of the proclamation of the TRNC adopted by the Security Council on 18 November 1983
39. Resolution 550 (1984) on exchange of ambassadors between Turkey and the TRNC adopted by the Security Council on 11 May 1984
40. Resolution 716(1991) on the Ghali set of ideas and other parameters for a solution adopted by the Security Council on 11 November 1991
41. Resolution 789 (1992) adopted by the Security Council on November 1992
42. Resolution 889 (1993): set of ideas, troop reduction and confidence building measures adopted by the Security Council on 15 December 1993
43. Resolution 902(1994):confidence building measures adopted by the Security Council on 11 March 1994
44. Resolution 1217(1998) onarmament spending and militarization adopted by the UN Security Council on 22 December 1998
45. Resolution 1475 (2003): failure of peace talks based on the Annan proposals

UN General Assembly Resolutions
46. Resolution 3212 (XXIX), 1 November 1974: sovereignty, Republic of Cyprus
47. Resolution 37/253, 13 May 1983: proclamation of TRNC on refugees

PART II: CYPRUS–EUROPE RELATIONS(1983–2006)

European Court of Human Rights
48. The recognition of Turkey’s international legal responsibility for the human rights violations that occur in Northern Cyprus: the case of Loizidou v. Turkey 40/1993/45/514
49. Case of Cyprus v. Turkey (application No. 25781/94), judgment, Strasbourg, 10 May 2001
50. European Court of Human Rights press release issued by the Registrar Chamber: judgment in the case of Xenides-Arestis v. Turkey (applicationno. 46347/99)

The European Court of Justice
51. The United Kingdom’s trade with north Cyprus challenged: judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, 5 July 1994

The United Kingdom
52. Can the ‘TRNC’ be considered a distinct legalentity?

A view from the UK courts
53. Property wars: can EU laws be used as a sword? Meletios Apostolidis v. David Charles Orams and Linda Elizabeth Orams (2006)
DoesinternationallawpermitCyprustojointheEU?
54. The Cypriot government’s application for membership to the European Community
55. The legal controversies surrounding the Greek Cypriot application to the EU: opinion of Professor M. H. Mendelson QC on the application of the Republic of Cyprus to join the EU
56. The eligibility of Cyprus for EUmembership:
the opinion issued by J. Crawford, A. Pellet and G. Hafner

The European Commission
57. Commission opinion on the application by the Republic of Cyprus for membership: extracts from document 93/5 dated 30 June 1993

The European Council
58. The Cyprus question in the European Council summits

The European Parliament
59. European Parliament resolution on the missing persons in Cyprus, 11 January 1983
60. European Parliament resolution on the unilateral declaration of independence, 17 November 1983
61. European Parliament resolution on the situation in Cyprus, 10 March 1988
62. European Parliament resolution on the political situation following the UN-sponsored talks on Cyprus, 17 September 1997
63. European Parliament resolution on Cyprus’ membership application to the European Union and the state of negotiations, 5 September 2001

The Accession Process
64. EU Accession Treaty: protocolson Cyprus
65. Council regulation on a regime under Article 2 of Protocol 10 of the Act of Accession, 28 April 2004 (known as the ‘Green Line Regulation’)
66. Turkey’s accession process to the EU following the start of negotiations on 3 October 2006 and its obligations concerning Cyprus