The Urban Archetypes of Jane Jacobs and Ebenezer Howard
University of Toronto Press (Verlag)
978-1-4875-2128-8 (ISBN)
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Ebenezer Howard, an Englishman, and Jane Jacobs, a naturalized Canadian, personify the twentieth century’s opposing outlooks on cities. Howard had envisaged small towns, newly built from scratch, fashioned on single family homes with small gardens. Jacobs embraced existing inner-city neighbourhoods emphasizing the verve of the living street. From Howard’s idea, the American Dream of garden suburbs had emerged, yet his conceptualization of a modern city received criticism for being uniform and alienated from the rest of the city. Similarly, at the turn of the new century, Jacobs’ inner-city neighbourhoods came to be recognized as the result of commodification, vacillating between poverty and newly discovered hubs of urban authenticity.
Presenting Howard and Jacobs within a psychocultural context, The Urban Archetypes of Jane Jacobs and Ebenezer Howard addresses our urban crisis in the recognition that "city form" is a gendered, allegorical medium expressing femininity and masculinity within two founding features of the built environment: void and volume. Both founding contrasts bring tensions, but also the opportunities of fusion between pairs of urban polarities: human scale against superscale, gait against speed, and spontaneity against surveillance. Jacobs and Howard, in their respective attitudes, have come to embrace the two ancient archetypes, the Garden and the Citadel, leaving it to future generations to blend their two contrarian stances.
Abraham Akkerman is a professor in the Department of Geography and Planning at the University of Saskatchewan.
1. Introduction: Modernity and Its Urban Context
2. Paradigms of City Form in the Urbanism of Ebenezer Howard and Jane Jacobs
Urbanist Thought of Ebenezer Howard and Jane Jacobs: Main Tenets Juxtaposed
First Public Parks and Early Urban Garden Communities
Emergence of the City Beautiful and the Garden City Movements
The Brave New Worlds of Howard and Jacobs: The Urban Environment as a Mirror of Mind
Rationalism of Ren� Descartes and the Empiricism of John Locke: The Urbanist Context
From History to Epistemology of the Urban Environment
Howard and Jacobs Revisited: The Epistemology of Urban Modernity and Postmodernity
3. Howard vs. Jacobs: Ideal City or Authentic Street?
Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City as a Neoplatonic Myth
Representations of the City and the Street: Howard vs. Jacobs
The Ideal City and Consciousness: The Circle and the Square
Evolution of the Ideal City in Images of the Soul, the Human Body, and the Universe
Historical Perspectives on Urban Depictions by Howard and Jacobs
The Legacies of Howard and Jacobs: Between Ideal City and the Authentic Street
4. Twentieth Century Transformations of the Garden and the City
A Vertical Garden City?
Nature in the City: Urban Greening in the Age of Automation
The Garden City as a Prelude to Twentieth-Century City Form
Marxist Transformations of the Garden City
Die Architektin: Kitchen Design and Urban Planning
Toward the Malfunctioning Metropolis: The Masterplan as a Cartesian Myth
5. The Neighborhood as State of Wonderment: The Urbanist Dream of Jane Jacobs
Myth of the Grand Designer
Metropolis and Alienation
The Great Depression and the American Garden Suburb
Jane Jacobs vs. Lewis Mumford: Authenticity and Alienation in City Form
Confronting the Grand Designer: Jane Jacobs vs. Robert Moses
The Inner City and the Other Jane
6. Spectacle and Contempt in City Form: Howard and Jacobs
History of Suburbia and the Subordination of Urban Space
The Masterplan and Its Sources: Myth and Reason in Baroque Plans For London
Anticipating Howard and Jacobs: From Wren’s Streetscapes to L’Enfant’s Plan
Descartes’ Clear and Distinct Ideas: Spectacle and Control in Cartesian City Form
Sight and Order: From Masterplan and Spectacle to Crowd-Control and Contempt
Cartesian Streetscapes, East and West: From Nevsky Prospekt to the National Mall
7. The Ghost of Howard: Advent of the Masterplan and the Loss of Place
Modernity’s Built Environment: Myth, Reason, and the Unplanned
The Masterplan and Its Victims: Collective Unconscious and Collective Memory
The Halo of Modernity’s Hero: Mechanistic Myth and the Eclipse of Humanness
Archetype of the Ideal City and Its Origins
The Hidden Sources of Howard’s Diagrams
8. Growth Ain’t Expansion: Jacobs in Toronto
The Sham of Gentrification and the Rise of Jane Jacobs
Jacobs and Howard: A Meeting of the Minds?
Jacobs as the Reluctant Post-Marxist
Paul Davidoff and Kevin Lynch on Urban Ethics and Epistemology
The Oracle of Toronto
9. Urban Space: Medium or Message?
Deliberate Ambiguity and Contradiction in Urban Space: Mcluhan and Venturi
Marshall Mcluhan on the Decline of Urban Space
Henri Lefebvre: Production of Space and the Unplanned Place
Superscale and the City without Streets
Towards a Neo-Romanesque Streetscape Design
Conclusion: From a Place of Contempt to a Place in the City
10. Bibliography
| Erscheinungsdatum | 10.05.2021 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | 2 figures; 8 Illustrations, unspecified |
| Verlagsort | Toronto |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 152 x 229 mm |
| Gewicht | 1 g |
| Themenwelt | Geschichte ► Teilgebiete der Geschichte ► Kulturgeschichte |
| Geschichte ► Teilgebiete der Geschichte ► Wirtschaftsgeschichte | |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4875-2128-6 / 1487521286 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4875-2128-8 / 9781487521288 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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