A People’s History of Psychoanalysis

From Freud and the first generation of psychoanalysts in the late 1800s to Jesuit priest Ignancio Martin-Baro’s writings in the 1970s, Daniel José Gaztambide introduces readers to the social justice leaders and movements that have defined the field of psychoanalysis and made it relevant to all classes and races.

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Is psychoanalysis too “White” and upper class to be relevant to social and racial justice? Are its ideas and practices too “alien” for people of color? Can it shed light on why systems of oppression are so stable, and how oppression becomes internalized? In A People’s History of Psychoanalysis, the author reviews the oft-forgotten history of social justice in psychoanalysis, showing how Freud and the first generation of psychoanalysts developed a way of thinking about racial and economic inequality that informed later movements for Black and Latin American liberation. He traces a series of interpersonal and intellectual relationships between psychoanalysis and Black anti-Racist and post-colonial struggle culminating in the work of Frantz Fanon; Afro-Latinx and Latin American thinkers fighting anti-Blackness and capitalist exploitation which inspired Paulo Freire’s theory of critical consciousness; and Spanish psychiatrists and psychologists resisting fascism and inequality from Spain to El Salvador, setting the foundation for Ignacio Martin-Baro’s Liberation Psychology. Throughout this intellectual genealogy from Freud to Liberation Psychology the author outlines a consistent psychoanalytically-informed theory of race, class and the internalization of oppression developed by analytic thinkers fighting against inequality across generations. Such theorizing proves indispensable in contemporary political activism, pedagogy, and clinical work.