Militarization

Roberto J. González is Professor of Anthropology at San Jose State University and author of Militarizing Culture: Essays on the Warfare State. Hugh Gusterson is Professor of International Affairs and Anthropology at George Washington University and author of Drone: Remote Control Warfare. Gustaaf Houtman is editor of Anthropology Today at the Royal Anthropological Institute, London.

Editors' Note  xiii
Acknowledgments  xv
Introduction / Roberto J. González  and Hugh Gusterson  1
Section I. Militarization and Political Economy
Introduction / Catherine Lutz  27
1.1. The U.S. Imperial Triangle and Military Spending / John Bellamy Foster, Hannah Holleman, and Robert W. McChesney  29
1.2. Farewell Address to the Nation, January 17, 1961 / Dwight D. Eisenhower   36
1.3. The Militarization of Sports and the Redefinition of Patriotism / William Astore  38
1.4. Violence, Just in Time: War and Work in Contemporary West Africa / Daniel Hoffman  42
1.5. Women, Economy, War / Carolyn Nordstrom  51
Section II. Military Labor
2.1. Soldiering as Work: The All-Volunteer Force in the United States / Beth Bailey  59
2.2. Sexing the Globe / Sealing Cheng  62
2.3. Military Monks / Michael Jerryson  67
2.4. Child Soldiers after War / Brandon Kohrt and Robert Koenig  71
2.5. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire / Paul H. Kratoska  73
2.6. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry / P. W. Singer  76
Section III. Gender and Militarism
Introduction / Katherine T. McCaffery  83
3.1. Gender in Transition: Common Sense, Women, and War / Kimberly Theidon  85
3.2. The Compassionate Warrior: Wartime Sacrifice / Jean Bethke Elshtain  91
3.3. Creating Citizens, Making Men: The Military and Masculinity in Bolivia / Lesley Gill  95
3.4. One of the Guys: Military Women and the Argentine Army / Máximo Badaró  101
Section IV. The Emotional Life of Militarism
Introduction / Catherine Lutz  109
4.1. Militarization and the Madness of Everyday Life / Nancy Scheper-Hughes  111
4.2. Fear as a Way of Life / Linda Green  118
4.3. Evil, the Self, and Survival / Robert Jay Lifton (Interviewed by Harry Kreisler)  127
4.4. Target Audience: The Emotional Impact of U.S. Governmental Films on Nuclear Testing / Joseph Masco  130
Section V. Rhetorics of Militarism
Introduction / Andrew Bickford  141
5.1. The Militarization of Cherry Blossoms / Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney  143
5.2. The "Old West" in the Middle East: U.S. Military Metaphors in Real and Imagined Indian Country / Stephen W. Silliman  148
5.3. Ideology, Culture, and the Cold War / Naoko Shidusawa  154
5.4. The Military Normal: Feeling at Home with Counterinsurgency in the United States / Catherine Lutz  157
5.5. Nuclear Orientalism / Hugh Gusterson  163
Section VI. Militarization, Place, and Territory
Introduction / Roberto J. González  167
6.1. Making War at Home / Catherine Lutz  168
6.2. Spillover: The U.S. Military's Sociospatial Impact / Mark L. Gillen  175
6.3. Nuclear Landscapes: The Marshall Islands and Its Radioactive Legacy / Barbara Rose Johnston  181
6.4. The War on Terror, Dismantling, and the Construction of Place: An Ethnographic Perspective from Palestine / Julie Peteet  186
6.5. The Border Wall Is a Metaphor / Jason de León (Interviewed by Micheline Aharońian Marcom)  192
Section VII. Militarized Humanitarianism
Introduction / Catherine Besteman  197
7.1. Laboratory of Intervention: The Humanitarian Governance of the Postcommunist Balkan Territories / Mariella Pandolfi  199
7.2. Armed for Humanity / Michael Barnett  203
7.3. The Passions of Protection: Sovereign Authority and Humanitarian War / Anne Orford  208
7.4. Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish? / Mahmood Mamdani  212
7.5. Utopias of Power: From Human Security to the Presponsibility to Protect / Chowra Makaremi  218
Section VIII. Militarism and the Media
Introduction / Hugh Gusterson  223
8.1. Pentagon Pundits / David Barstow (Interview by Amy Goodman)  224
8.2. Operation Hollywood / David L. Robb (Interviewed by Jeff Fleischer)  230
8.3. Discipline and Publish / Mark Pedelty  234
8.4. The Enola Gay on Display / John Whittier Treat  239
8.5. War Porn: Hollywood and War, from World War II to American Sniper / Peter van Buren  243
Section IX. Militarizing Knowledge
Introduction / David H. Price  249
9.1. Boundary Displacement: The State, the Foundations, and International and Area Studies during and after the Cold War / Bruce Cumings  251
9.2. The Career of Cold War Psychology / Ellen Herman  254
9.3. Scientific Colonialism / Johan Galtung  259
9.4. Research ni Foreign Areas / Ralph L. Beals  265
9.5. Rethinking the Promise of Critical Education / Henry A. Giroux (Interviewed by Chronis Polychroniou)  270
Section X. Militarization and the Body
Introduction / Roberto J. González  275
10.1. Nuclear War, the Gulf War, and the Disappearing Body / Hugh Gusterson  276
10.2. The Structure of War: The Juxtaposition of Injuried Bodies and Unanchored Issues / Elaine Scarry  283
10.3. The Enhanced Warfighter / Kenneth Ford and Clark Glymour  291
10.4. Suffering Child: An Embodiment of War and Its Aftermath in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua / James Quesada  296
Section XI. Militarism and Technology
Introduction / Hugh Gusterson  303
11.1. Giving Up the Gun: Japan's Reversion to the Sword, 1543–1879 / Noel Perrin  305
11.2. Life Underground: Building the American Bunker Society / Joseph Masco  307
11.3. Militarizing Space / David H. Price  316
11.4. Embodiment and Affect in a Digital Age: Understanding Mental Illness among Military Drone Personnel / Alex Edney-Browne 319
11.5. Land Mines and Cluster Bombs: "Weapons of Mass Destruction in Slow Motion" / H. Patricia Hynes  324
11.6. Pledge of Non-Participation / Lisbeth Gronlund and David Wright  328
11.7. The Scientists' Call to Ban Autonomous Lethal Robots / International Committee for Robot Arms Control  329
Section XII. Alternatives to Militarization
Introduction / David Vine  333
12.1. War Is Only an Invention—Not a Biological Necessity / Margaret Mead 336
12.2. Reflections on the Possibility of a Nonkilling Society and a Nonkilling Anthropology / Leslie E. Sponsel  339
12.3. U.S. Bases, Empire, and Global Response / Catherine Lutz  344
12.4. Down Here / Julian Aguon  347
12.5. War, Culture, and Counterinsurgency / Roberto J. González, Hugh Gusterson, and David H. Price  349
12.6. Hope in the Dark: Untold Stories, Wild Possibilities / Rebecca Solnit  350
References  355
Contributors  383
Index  389
Credits  403