Human Motivation
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4612-9560-0 (ISBN)
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This book represents a major revision of my earlier work, Theories of Motivation: From Mechanism to Cognition. A number of shortcomings in the p,revious book became increasingly evident to me. First of all, there were serious omissions. Second, there has been much new knowl edge since the inception of the prior book, so that it was becoming out dated. And finally, I was dissatisfied with some of the writing, feeling that parts of the book were needlessly complex and that certain topics did not deserve the space that they were allotted. A revision, therefore, was initiated. I attempted to fill some of the gaps by including chapters on psychoanalytic, social learning, and humanistic theory. Furthermore, other topics that could have been dis cussed within the outline of Theories of Motivation but were neglected are incorporated into the present volume. These topics include, for ex ample, social facilitation, arousal, emotions, personal responsibility, and the irrationality of attributions. In addition to this new material, I up dated the ideas examined in Theories of Motivation. Little could be altered in-the sections on H ullian and Lewinian theory, for these con ceptions are no longer undergoing modification. The discussion of these theories was merely shortened and simplified, bringing them more in line with their current influence in psychology. But achievement and attribution theories have changed in the past years - or at least our understanding in these areas has changed - and discussion of these topics was greatly altered.
One Introduction.- Section I Need Reduction Theories.- Two The Psychoanalytic Theory of Motivation.- Basic Principles of Freud's Theory.- Structure of Personality.- Instincts.- Formal Models of Thought and Action.- Scientific Method.- Formation of Culture.- Ego Psychology.- General Evaluation.- Selected Research Topics: Instincts.- Aggression.- Sexual Motivation.- Dreams.- Defense Mechanisms.- Delay of Gratification.- Cognitive Controls and Cognitive Styles.- Three Drive Theory.- The Drive Concept.- Hull's Conception of Drive.- Empirical Support for Drive Theory.- Secondary (Learned) Drives.- Incentives.- Anxiety.- Conflict.- Frustration.- Social Facilitation.- Arousal (Activation) Theory.- Section II Expectancy-Value Theories.- Four Kurt Lewin's Field Theory.- Field Theory.- The Life Space.- Relation to Hullian Theory.- Empirical Research: Conflict.- Frustration and Regression.- Task Recall and Task Resumption.- Substitution.- Level of Aspiration.- Psychological Ecology.- Five Achievement Theory.- Atkinson's Theory of Achievement Motivation.- Comparison with Hullian and Lewinian Theory.- Derivations and Supporting Evidence.- Dynamics of Action.- Achievement Motivation and Economic Development.- Developmental Antecedents.- Achievement Change.- Achievement Needs Among Females.- Social Context of Achievement.- Six Social Learning Theory and Personal Responsibility.- Rotter's Social Learning Theory.- General Theoretical Orientation.- Basic Concepts.- Implications for Psychotherapy.- Representative Research.- Personal Responsibility: Locus of Control.- Personal Causation.- Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation.- Perceived Freedom.- Psychological Reactance.- Learned Helplessness.- Personal Responsibility: An Integration.- Section III Mastery and Growth Theories.- Seven Attribution Theory.- Historical Background and Guidelines of the Cognitive Approach.- General Attributional Approach.- Heider's Naive Theory of Action.- Causal Antecedents.- Actor-Observer Perspective.- The Rational Person.- Cognitive Dissonance.- Emotions.- Attribution in Animal Experimentation.- Eight An Attributional Theory of Behavior.- Causal Antecedents.- Individual Predispositions.- Causal Schemata.- Schedules of Reinforcement.- Other Antecedents.- Causal Dimensions.- Attributional Consequences: Causal Attributions and Expectancy of Success.- Causal Ascriptions and Affective Reactions.- Controllability and Reactions Toward Others.- Behavioral Consequences.- Achievement Strivings Reconsidered.- Theoretical Overview.- Theoretical Range: Parole Decisions.- Affiliation and Loneliness.- Mastery Behavior.- Hyperactivity and Psychostimulants.- Learned Helplessness and Depression.- Nine Humanistic Theory and Personal Constructs.- Humanistic Theory.- Motivational Principles.- Self-Concept.- Personal Construct Theory.- Implicit Psychology.- Section IV Conclusion.- Ten Overview and Concluding Remarks.- Author Index.
| Erscheinungsdatum | 19.12.2018 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | 44 Illustrations, black and white; 44 illus. |
| Verlagsort | New York, NY |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 216 x 280 mm |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeines / Lexika |
| Schlagworte | Arousal • Cognition • Emotion • learning • Motivation • Psychology |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4612-9560-2 / 1461295602 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4612-9560-0 / 9781461295600 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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