A Companion to Greek Warfare

Waldemar Heckel is Research Fellow, Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, University of Calgary, Canada, where he taught numerous courses in Greek and Hellenistic history over his thirty-six-year career in the Department of Classics. He has published, edited, and co-edited more than 20 books, including Who’s Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander’s Empire. F. S. Naiden is Professor of History, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. He is author of Soldier, Priest, and God: A Life of Alexander the Great and Smoke Signals for the Gods: Ancient Greek Sacrifice from the Archaic through the Roman Periods, as well as numerous other publications in the fields of Greek law, Greek religion, and Greek relations with the ancient Near East. E. Edward Garvin is Lecturer, History & Classics, University of Alberta, Canada. He is co-editor of Greece, Macedon and Persia: Studies in Social, Political and Military History in Honour of Waldemar Heckel, and has worked in the production of other volumes as an editorial consultant. Most recently, Garvin contributed several articles to ABC Clio’s Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social and Military Encyclopedia. John Vanderspoel is Professor Emeritus of Greek & Roman Studies, Department of Classics and Religion, University of Calgary, Canada. He has published numerous articles and chapters on ancient history, primarily the late Roman world, but also on the Roman Empire generally, Republican Rome and Roman Macedonia. He is author of Themistius and the Imperial Court and co-editor of The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization.

Notes on Contributors x

Abbreviations and Short Titles xvi

List of Maps and Figures xvii

Introduction 1
Waldemar Heckel and F.S. Naiden

Part I Historical Survey 9

1. Bronze Age and Early Greek Wars 11
Johannes Heinrichs

2. The Persian Wars to Alexander 21
Sabine Müller

3. Internal Wars from the “First Peloponnesian War” to Chaeronea 31
Frances Pownall

4. Hellenistic Land Warfare 42
Edward M. Anson

5. Greek Warfare in Sicily 58
Melanie Jonasch

Part II Military Operations 73

6. The Nature of Hoplite Warfare 75
Fernando Echeverría

7. Cavalry Battle in Greece and the Hellenistic East 88
Carolyn Willekes 88

8. Siege Warfare 99
David Whitehead

Part III Military Personnel 117

9. The Organization of Greek Armies 119
F.S. Naiden

10. Generalship 137
Joseph Roisman

11. Greek Camps and Camp Followers 148
Mauricio G. Álvarez

12. Greeks in Foreign Service: The Case of the Achaemenid Empire 160
Jeffrey Rop

Part IV War with Non-Greeks 171

13. The Royal Elite of the Achaemenid Army 173
Michael B. Charles

14. Parthian Warfare Under the Early Arsacids 185
Marek Jan Olbrycht

15. Elephants in Hellenistic Warfare 202
Christopher Epplett

16. Thracian Warfare 214
Emil Nankov

Part V Technical and Economic Context of Greek Warfare 225

17. Logistics 227
Stephen O’Connor

18. Fortifications 241
Silke Müth

19. Military Intelligence 252
Frank Russell

20. The Economics of War 261
Johannes Heinrichs

21. War and Slavery in the Greek World 271
Peter Hunt

22. Agriculture and Greek Warfare 286
Jeanne Reames and Ann Haverkost

Part VI Social and Political Context of Greek Warfare 299

23. Battle Trauma in Ancient Greece 301
Lawrence Tritle

24. Religion and Warfare 312
F.S. Naiden

25. Women and War in the Greek World 329
Elizabeth D. Carney

26. Piracy, Brigandage, and Terrorism 339
Sheila L. Ager

27. Civil War in Greece: Forgetting as the Path to Reconciliation 358
Gordon Shrimpton

Part VII Warfare in Art and Literature 367

28. The Iconography of War 369
Olga Palagia

29. War Monuments and Memorials 384
Lawrence A. Tritle

30. War in Greek Poetry 394
J. Vela-Tejada

31. War and Propaganda 406
Sabine Müller

Bibliography 416

Index 464