Optimization of Energy Systems (eBook)

IBRAHIM DINCER is a tenured full professor of Mechanical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science at UOIT. He is Vice President for Strategy in International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) and Vice-President for World Society of Sustainable Energy Technologies (WSSET). Renowned for his pioneering works in the area of sustainable energy technologies he has authored and co-authored numerous books and book chapters, more than a thousand refereed journal and conference papers, and many technical reports. He has chaired many national and international conferences, symposia, workshops and technical meetings. He has delivered more than 300 keynote and invited lectures. He is an active member of various international scientific organizations and societies, and serves as editor-in-chief, associate editor, regional editor, and editorial board member on various prestigious international journals. He is a recipient of several research, teaching and service awards, including the Premier's research excellence award in Ontario, Canada, in 2004. MARC A. ROSEN is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, Canada, where he served as founding Dean of Engineering and Applied Science. Dr. Rosen is an active teacher and researcher in thermodynamics, energy technology, sustainable energy and the environmental impact of energy and industrial systems. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Ontario, and has served in many professional capacities, including being founding Editor-in-Chief of several journals, and a Director of Oshawa Power and Utilities Corporation. A Past-President of the Engineering Institute of Canada and the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Rosen received an Award of Excellence in Research and Technology Development from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, and is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, the Canadian Academy of Engineering and the International Energy Foundation. POURIA AHMADI is a postdoctoral fellow in the Fuel Cell Research group at Simon Fraser University (SFU). He earned his PhD in 2013 in mechanical engineering at the Clean Energy Research Lab at University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada. There, he worked on the design, analysis and optimization of advanced integrated energy systems for enhanced sustainability. Prior to joining SFU, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario, where he worked on integrated renewable energy technologies for a net zero energy community in London, Ontario, Canada. He also worked as a research assistant and PhD student at the advanced heat transfer lab at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. He has 65 publications in both high ranked and peer-reviewed journals and international conference proceedings.

Acknowledgements xiii

Preface xv

1 Thermodynamic Fundamentals 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Thermodynamics 1

1.3 The First Law ofThermodynamics 2

1.4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 12

1.5 Reversibility and Irreversibility 14

1.6 Exergy 14

2 Modeling and Optimization 33

2.1 Introduction 33

2.2 Modeling 34

2.3 Optimization 47

2.4 Multi-objective Optimization 51

3 Modeling and Optimization of Thermal Components 65

3.1 Introduction 65

3.2 Air Compressor 66

3.3 Steam Turbine 67

3.4 Pump 68

3.5 Combustion Chamber 73

3.6 Flat Plate Solar Collector 78

3.7 Ejector 81

4 Modeling and Optimization of Heat Exchangers 92

4.1 Introduction 92

4.2 Types of Heat Exchangers 93

4.3 Modeling and Optimization of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 96

4.4 Modeling and Optimization of Cross Flow Plate Fin Heat Exchangers 103

4.5 Modeling and Optimization of Heat Recovery Steam Generators 118

5 Modeling and Optimization of Refrigeration Systems 133

5.1 Introduction 133

5.2 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle 134

5.3 Cascade Refrigeration Systems 150

5.4 Absorption Chiller 159

6 Modeling and Optimization of Heat Pump Systems 183

6.1 Introduction 183

6.2 Air/Water Heat Pump System 184

6.3 System Exergy Analysis 186

6.4 Energy and Exergy Results 188

6.5 Optimization 193

7 Modeling and Optimization of Fuel Cell Systems 199

7.1 Introduction 199

7.2 Thermodynamics of Fuel Cells 200

7.3 PEM Fuel Cell Modeling 203

7.4 SOFC Modeling 212

8 Modeling and Optimization of Renewable Energy Based Systems 221

8.1 Introduction 221

8.2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) 222

8.3 Solar Based Energy System 241

8.4 HybridWind-Photovoltaic-Battery System 256

9 Modeling and Optimization of Power Plants 275

9.1 Introduction 275

9.2 Steam Power Plants 276

9.3 Gas Turbine Power Plants 283

9.4 Combined Cycle Power Plants 297

10 Modeling and Optimization of Cogeneration and Trigeneration Systems 317

10.1 Introduction 317

10.2 Gas Turbine Based CHP System 321

10.3 Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Cogeneration Systems 342

10.4 Micro Gas Turbine Trigeneration System 362

10.5 Biomass Based Trigeneration System 381

11 Modeling and Optimization of Multigeneration Energy Systems 398

11.1 Introduction 398

11.2 Multigeneration System Based On Gas Turbine Prime Mover 401

11.3 Biomass Based Multigeneration Energy System 422

Index 447