Transgender Sex Work and Society

Larry Nuttbrock received a Ph.D in sociology from Case Western Reserve University. He subsequently completed a postdoctoral fellowship in psychiatric epidemiology from Columbia University. Currently a private research consultant, he was previously affiliated with the National Development and Research Institutes in New York City. He recently completed a large NIH-funded study of HIV among transgender women and remains active in the field of transgender health.

Foreword, by Walter Bockting
Introduction, by Toward a Better Understanding of Transgender Sex Work, by Larry A. Nuttbrock
Section I. Empirical Descriptions and a Conceptual Formulation for Sex Work Among Transwomen in the United States
1. Qualitative Description of Sex Work among Transwomen in New York City, by Sel J. Hwahng
2. Quantitative Description of Sex Work among Transwomen in New York City, by Larry A. Nuttbrock
3. Why Are So Many Transwomen in the Sex Trade, and Why Are So Many of Them Ethnic Minorities?, by Larry A. Nuttbrock and Sel J. Hwahng
Section II. Survival Sex Among Young Transgender Persons in the United States and the United Kingdom
4. Compound Harms: What the Literature Says about Survival Sex among Young Trans People in the United Kingdom and the United States, by Lorna C. Barton
Section III. Personal Relationships and Health Risk Behavior
5. Relationship Dynamics and Health Risk Behavior among Transwomen and Their Cisgender Male Partners, by Tiffany R. Glynn and Don Operario
Section IV. Mental Health and Substance Use Issues Among Transwomen in the Sex Trade
6. Mental Health and Transphobia among Transwomen Sex Workers: Application and Extension of Minority Stress Models, by Don Operario, Tiffany R. Glynn, and Tooru Nemoto
7. Sex Work and Major Depression among Transwomen in New York City: Mediating Effects of Gender Abuse and Substance Use, by Larry A. Nuttbrock
8. Substance Use among Transgender Sex Workers, by Beth R. Hoffman
Section V. HIV Among Transwomen in the Sex Trade
9. the Prevalence of HIV among Transwomen Sex Workers: A Review of Current Literature, by Ayden I. Scheim, Laura Winters, Zack Marshall, Daze Jefferies, and Stefan D. Baral
10. HIV and Substance Use among Transwomen Sex Workers: A Vicious Cycle of Socioeconomic Hardship, Unmet Service Needs, and Health Risk, by Tiffany R. Glynn, Don Operario, and Tooru Nemoto
11. Sex Work, High-Risk Sexual Behavior, and Incident HIV/STI among Transwomen in New York City: A Study of Mediating Factors, by Larry A. Nuttbrock
12. Sex Work and Antiretroviral Therapy among Transwomen of Color Living with HIV in New York City, by Larry A. Nuttbrock
Section VI. Transgender Sex Work in Different Cultural Settings
13. Sex Work in Turkey: Experiences of Transwomen, by Ceylan Engin
14. Hijras/Transwomen and Sex Work in India: From Marginalization to Social Protection, by Venkatesan Chakrapani, Peter A. Newman, and Ernest Noronha
15. Transgender Sex Work in Brazil: Historico-Cultural Perspectives, by Don Kulick
16. the Changing Landscape of Transgender Sex Work, Pimping, and Trafficking in Brazil, by Barry M. Wolfe
17. Sociocultural Context of Sex Work among Mak Nyah (Transgender Women) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, by Tooru Nemoto, Rebecca de Guzman, Yik Koon Teh, Mariko Iwamoto, and Karen Trocki
18. Sociocultural Context of Health among Kathoey (Transwomen) and Female Sex Workers in Bangkok, Thailand, by Tooru Nemoto, Usaneya Perngparn, Chitlada Areesantichai, Mariko Iwamato, Charlene Bumanglag, and Julia Moore
19. Transgender Sex Work in the Andean Region: Between Vulnerability and Resilience, by Ximena Salazar, Aron Núnez-Curto, Angélica Motta, and Carlos F. Cáceres
20. Transgender Sex Work in Spain: Psychosocial Profile and Mental Health, by Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Maria Dolores Gil-Llario, Jesús Castro-Calvo, Trinidad Bergero-Miguel, and José Guzmán-Parra
21. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Condomless Receptive Anal Intercourse with Male Clients among Transwomen Sex Workers in Shenyang, China, by Zixin Wang, Joseph T. F. Lau, Yong Cai, Jinghua Li, Tiecheng Ma, and Yan Liu
Section VII. Care and Treatment of Transgender Sex Workers
22. Issues in the Care and Treatment of Transwomen Sex Workers, by Asa Radix and Zil Goldstein
Section VIII. Criminal Justice Versus Public Health Perspectives on Transgender Sex Work
23. Police Abuse, Depressive Symptoms, and High-Risk Sexual Behavior for HIV among Transwomen, by Larry A. Nuttbrock
24. Criminal Justice versus Health and Human Rights Perspectives on Transgender Sex Work, by Tara Lyons, Leslie Pierre, Andrea Krüsi, and Kate Shannon
Section IX. Analytic Summary and Directions for Further Study
25. Analytic Summary and Directions for Further Study, by Walter Bockting and Larry A. Nuttbrock
Contributors
Glossary
Index