The Star Gate Archives

Edwin C. May is the leading figure in anomalous cognition research, and has authored more than 500 research and technical papers in this area. The former director of the U.S. government psychoenergetics research program STAR GATE at SRI International and SAIC for two decades, he is presently the president of the Laboratories for Fundamental Research in Palo Alto, California. Sonali Bhatt Marwaha is a research associate with the Laboratories for Fundamental Research. Her areas of interest include Indian psychology and the synthesis of the cognitive sciences and anomalous cognition research leading to a theoretical framework. She lives in India.

Table of Contents


Foreword by William S. Cohen

Foreword by Richard S. Broughton

Preface by Edwin C. May

The Star Gate Program: An Introduction to Remote Viewing in the Second Decade delete deleteEdwin C. May and Sonali Bhatt Marwaha

▪ Funding the Star Gate Program ▪ A Brief History of the Star Gate Program ◊ The First Decade (1973–1984) ◊ The Second Decade (1985–1995) ◊ The SRI-SAIC Research Team (1972–1995) ▪ Remote Viewing Research (1985–1995) ◊ The Ganzfeld Studies ◊ Miscellaneous Research ▪ Reviewing the Archives: What Have We Learned, and What Is the Way Forward? ◊ Applied Research ◊ Reliable and Calibrated Participants ◊ Appropriate Targets ◊ Optimal Protocols for Data Collection ◊ Optimum Data Assessment ◊ Basic Research ◊ Source ◊ Transmission ◊ Detector ◊ Search ◊ Psychokinesis ▪ The Post–Star Gate Era ◊ The Laboratories for Fundamental Research ◊ Prestimulus Response ◊ Theoretical Advances ◊ The Multiphasic Model of Precognition ◊ Precognition: The Only Form of Psi ▪ The Way Forward ◊ Terminating ­Proof-Oriented Research ◊ The Ganzfeld Methodology ◊ Remote Viewing (RV) Methodology ◊ Macro–and ­Micro-Psychokinesis ◊ Prestimulus Response (a.k.a., Presentiment) ◊ Process-Oriented Research ◊ Determining a Research Goal ◊ A Metric to Determine Success

Annex I: Summary of U.S. Psychoenergetics Research Facilities

Annex II: Position on Parapsychological Research

Annex III: Paranormal Investigations: Outline of Basic Research Tasks delete deleteAuthor Unknown

▪ Part I: Identification of Measurable Characteristics Possessed by Gifted Subjects ◊ Sensory Evaluation ◊ In-Depth Interview ▪ Part II: Identification of Neurophysiological Correlates ▪ Part III: Identify (or provide theories on) the nature of the validated paranormal phenomena and energy ▪ Part IV: General Comments and Observations, Additional Suggestions

1985 (Analysis)—An Automated RV Evaluation Procedure delete delete

Edwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and Harold E. Puthoff

▪ Objective ▪ Summary of Results ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ◊ The Princeton Evaluation Procedure (PEP) ◊ Problems with the PEP ◊ The SRI Evaluation Procedure (SEP) ▪ Results and Discussion

1985 (Experiment)—Photon Production (Chinese Replication) delete delete

G. Scott Hubbard and Edwin C. May

▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction and Background ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware ◊ Methodology ◊ Hardware (Details of Construction) ◊ Photomultiplier Tube Analysis ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Remote Viewing Results ◊ Photomultiplier Tube Results ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations

Annex: RV Session Protocol

1985 (White Paper)—Psi Communications Experiments delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey

▪ Introduction ▪ Phase I ▪ Phase II ▪ Phase III ◊ Encoding of the ­Three-Digit Number ◊ Complement Targeting Procedure ◊ Majority Vote Procedure ◊ Complement Targeting Statistical Enhancement ▪ Discussion

1985 (Analysis)—A ­Figure of Merit Analysis for ­Free Response Material delete delete

Edwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and C. Mathews

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Princeton Evaluation Procedure (PEP): A Brief Review ◊ Target Definition ◊ Response Definition ◊ Analysis ◊ Advantages of the PEP ◊ Disadvantages of the PEP ▪ Figure of Merit Analysis ◊ Target Information ◊ Response Description ◊ Analysis ▪ Absolute Figure of Merit: A Method of Control ▪ Conclusions and Suggestions for Extensions

1986 (Overview)—Enhanced Human Performance Investigation delete deleteEdwin C. May

▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Definitions ◊ Program Scope ◊ Program Objectives ◊ Program Resources ▪ Progress to Date ◊ Status of Subcontracts ◊ Progress to Date for Each Objective/Task ▪ Problem Areas ▪ Administrative Comments ▪ Project Milestone Chart ▪ Cost Summary

Annex A: A Posteriori Assessment of the Scientific Oversight Committee

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1986 (Training—Subcontract)—A Suggested Remote Viewing Training Procedure delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Gary O. Langford

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Basic Structure of an RV Session ◊ Key Concepts of RV Perceptions ◊ Data Acquisition on Demand through Noise Reduction ◊ The Impressionistic Nature of RV Data ◊ Remote Viewing Procedure ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Anatomy of a Viewing ◊ Applications to RV Training ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations

Annex A: A Proposed Method for Remote Viewing Training delete deleteGary O. Langford

▪ Company Background ▪ Preface ▪ Introduction to Remote Viewing ▪ Background ▪ Remote Viewing Procedure ▪ Data Access ▪ Access Methodology ▪ Data Objectification ▪ Qualification of Data ▪ Detailed Steps in the Remote Viewing Process ▪ Preparation for Remote Viewing Training ▪ Remote Viewing Methodology ▪ Glossary of Terms

Annex B: Fundamental Concepts of Remote Viewing Training delete deleteGary O. Langford

▪ Company Background ▪ Preface ▪ A Conceptual Model of RV Data Access ▪ Performance and Reinforcement ▪ Instructional Reinforcement ▪ Introduction of New Concepts ▪ The Effect of Target Materials ▪ Psychological Variables

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1986 (Experiment)—Location of Target Material in Space and Time delete deleteNevin D. Lantz and Edwin C. May

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Selection of Subjects ◊ Procedure ◊ Analysis ▪ Results ▪ Discussion and Conclusions

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1986 (Analysis)—Remote Viewing Evaluation Techniques delete delete

Beverly S. Humphrey, Edwin C. May, Virginia V. Trask and Martha J. Thomson

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Figure of Merit Analysis ◊ Fuzzy Set Theory—An Enhancement Technique for Descriptor List Technology ▪ Results ◊ ­Inter-Analyst Reliability Factors ◊ Response Definition: Descriptor List Formulation ◊ Target Definition: Implications for Target Pool Composition ▪ Recommendations ◊ Similarity Experiment ◊ AI Techniques ◊ ­In-House Effort ▪ Conclusions

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1986 (Experiment)—Neuropsychological Assessment of Participants in Psychoenergetic Tasks delete deleteNevin D. Lantz and Ralph J. Kiernan

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Results ▪ Discussion and Conclusions

Annex: Statement of Work Accomplished for the SRI Psychoenergetics Project delete deleteRalph J. Kiernan

▪ A General Definition of Tests ▪ Task I: A Review and Critique of the Personality Assessment System ▪ A Critique of the Personality Assessment System ▪ Task 2: A General Model for Psychic Ability

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1986 (Assessment)—Screening and Selection of Personnel: The Personality Assessment System (PAS) delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey, Nevin D. Lantz and David R. Saunders

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Overview of the PAS ◊ The FY 1986 PAS Program ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Results of the PAS Program ◊ Correlations between PAS Profiling and ­Self-Report Instruments ▪ Conclusions

Annex: Brief Overview of the ­Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1987 (Assessment)—Review of the Personality Assessment System (PAS) delete deleteNevin D. Lantz

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Brief History of the PAS ▪ Description of the PAS ◊ PAS Theory ◊ The Fourth Dimension: Goal Oriented–Task Oriented ◊ Reference Groups ◊ Current Usage ▪ Discussion ◊ PAS Critique ◊ Problems with Use in Psychoenergetic Research ◊ Conclusions and Recommendations

Annex A: Fundamental Facts about Reference Groups

Annex B: Notes About Psi and PAS delete deleteDavid R. Saunders

▪ What Have We Learned about Viewers and Psi? ▪ How Were the Experimental Ss Chosen from the Pool? ▪ Is Hypnosis a Way to Facilitate Psi Performance? ▪ Can We Use the MBTI as a ­Pre-Screen for the PAS?

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1987 (Experiment–Subcontract)—Investigating the Semantics of Remote Perception

with Similarity Estimates and Multidimensional Scaling delete deleteS. James P. Spottiswoode

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Similarity Methods ◊ Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) ◊ An Example of the MDS Analysis of Geographical Data ◊ Criticisms of MDS Studies in Environmental Psychology ◊ The Assessment of Mean Chance Expectation by Noise Addition and Permutation ▪ Pilot Study ◊ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Targets ◊ Target Selection Method ◊ Results ▪ Comparison Study ◊ Method ◊ Results ▪ Conclusion

Annex 1: Algorithm Used in the Pilot Study

Annex 2: Data from Pilot Study

1987 (Overview)—Enhanced Human Performance Investigation delete deleteEdwin C. May

▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Definitions ◊ Program Scope ◊ Program Objectives ◊ Program Resources ▪ Progress to Date ◊ Status of Subcontracts ◊ Status of Consultants ◊ Progress to Date for Each Objective/Task ▪ Problem Areas ▪ Administrative Comments ▪ Project Milestone Chart ▪ Cost Summary

Annex A: Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

Annex B: Physiology Conference Letters

1987 (Experiment)—Possible Photon Production During a Remote Viewing Task: A Replication Experiment delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Edwin C. May and Thane J. Frivold

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hypotheses and Variables ◊ PMT Hardware ◊ Signal Processing ◊ Experimental Methodology ◊ Control Sessions ◊ PMT Data ▪ Results ◊ Remote Viewing Results ◊ PMT/RV Correlation Results ▪ Discussion and Conclusions ◊ PMT Anomalies ◊ RV/PMT Output Correlations

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1987 (Experiments)—Feedback and Precognition Dependent Remote Viewing Experiments delete deleteEdwin C. May and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ ­Real-Time vs. Precognition Experiment ◊ The Tachistoscope Experiment ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ ­Real-Time vs. Precognition Experiments ◊ The Tachistoscope Experiment

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1990 (Review)—Remote Viewing: From What Time Frame Does the

Information Originate? delete deleteNevin D. Lantz, Edwin C. May and Thomas Piantanida

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Conceptual Description ◊ Detailed Description ▪ Results and Discussion

1987 (Experiment)—Computer Assisted Search delete delete

Jessica Utts, Edwin C. May, Nevin D. Lantz and Beverly S. Humphrey

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Background ◊ Experiments for FY 1987 ▪ Method of Approach ◊ The ­Computer-Assisted Search Experiment ◊ The Atocha Experiment ◊ Analysis ▪ Results ◊ The ­Computer-Assisted Search Experiment ◊ The Atocha Experiment ▪ Discussion and Conclusions

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1987 (Analysis)—Fuzzy Set Applications in Remote Viewing Analysis delete delete

Beverly S. Humphrey, Edwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts, Thane J. Frivold, Wanda W. Luke and Virginia V. Trask

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Target Pool Preparation ◊ Fuzzy Set Theory ◊ Descriptor List Design ◊ Verbal Analysis: The Fuzzy Set Figure of Merit ◊ Visual Analysis: An Application of Cluster Technology ◊ Development of Ground Truth ▪ Results ▪ Recommendations and Conclusions ◊ Possible Research Areas for Refinement of the Current Systems ◊ Possible Applications of the Current Systems

Annex A: Instructions for Analysts

▪ Introduction ▪ An Overview of Descriptor Level Theory ▪ The Descriptor Levels and Their Use ▪ Overall Guidelines for Making the Numerical Assignments ▪ Specific Guidelines for Descriptor Use ▪ Potential Problems

Annex B: Target Pool Cluster Analysis

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1987 (Conference—Subcontract)—The SRI International Cognitive Science Conference Proceedings at Princeton University delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Summary and Discussion ◊ General Issues ◊ Political Issues ◊ Technical Issues ▪ Conclusions Annex: What Constitutes Proof of a Controversial Claim? Proceedings of the First SRI International Cognitive Sciences Conference (April 9–11, 1987) delete deleteRoger Nelson

▪ Introduction and Overview ◊ What Is Proof? (David Saunders) ◊ The Pragmatics of Proof: An Action Program for Parapsychology (Julian Isaacs) ◊ Application of Cultural Analysis Research to the Pragmatics of Proof (Ruthann Corwin) ◊ The Proof of the Pudding Is in the Eating (Charles Honorton) ◊ The Acceptance of Controversial Findings: Some Personal Observations (William Braud) ◊ Controversy in Science (Stevan Hamad) ◊ Directions for Research in Controversial Areas (Roger Nelson) ◊ The Use of Hypothesis Testing in Parapsychological Research (Jessica Utts) ◊ Publishing in the Mainstream: An Experience with Physical Review Letters (G. Scott Hubbard) ◊ Biological and Humanistic Factors Which Affect the Cogency of Evidence Offered in Support of a Controversial Claim (Mic Pleass and Dean Dey) ◊ The Scientific Method: Fact and Fancy (Edwin May) ◊ A Rose Is a Rose, Except When It’s Not: Some Reflections on the Problem of Adequacy of Evidence for Anomaly Claims in Science (Marcello Truzzi)

1988 (Experiment)—An Application Oriented Remote Viewing Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May

▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Selection of a Remote Viewer ◊ Target Material ◊ Experiment Protocol ◊ Analysis Technique ▪ Results and Discussion

Annex A: Remote Viewing Response (Drawings), May 1987

Annex B: Remote Viewing Response (Transcript), May 1987

1988 (Overview)—Enhanced Human Performance Investigation delete deleteEdwin C. May

▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Definitions ◊ Program Scope ◊ Program Objectives ◊ Program Resources ▪ Progress to Date for Each Objective/Task ◊ Status of Subcontracts ◊ Status of Consultants ◊ Progress to Date for Each Objective/Task ▪ Problem Areas ▪ Project Milestone Chart ▪ Cost Summary

Annex: Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Experiment)—Mass Screening for Psychoenergetic Talent Using a Remote Viewing Task delete deleteNevin D. Lantz and Edwin C. May

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Objective ▪ Method of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Mass Screening Protocol ◊ ­Second-Stage Screening Protocol ▪ Results ◊ Summary ◊ ­First-Stage Results ◊ ­Second-Stage Results ▪ Discussion

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Experiment)—Neurophysiological Correlates to Remote Viewing delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Thane J. Frivold

▪ Introduction ◊ History of Central Nervous System Correlates to Psychoenergetic Functioning ◊ Background ▪ Methods of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Protocols ◊ Analysis: General Considerations ▪ Results ◊ Vassy Protocol ◊ Psi Protocol Results ◊ Psi Protocol Results—Vassy Consideration ◊ Psi Protocol Results—Button-Press ▪ Discussion and Conclusions

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Experiment)—Feedback and Target Dependencies in Remote Viewing Experiments delete deleteJessica M. Utts

▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Purpose ◊ Target Pool ◊ Experiments ▪ Results ▪ Conclusions

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Analysis)—Applications of Fuzzy Sets to Remote Viewing Analysis delete delete

Edwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey, Thane J. Frivold and Jessica M. Utts

▪ Introduction ▪ Technical Discussion ◊ Retrospective Analysis ◊ Target Pool Reduction ◊ Entropy Encoding ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations

Annex: Universe of Elements for Target and Response Fuzzy Sets

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Experiment)—Forced-Choice Remote Viewing delete deleteEdwin C. May and Virginia V. Trask

▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Objectives ◊ Viewer Selection ◊ General Approach ◊ General Protocol ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Early Similar Experiments ◊ Exploratory and Formal Efforts—FY 1986 ◊ FY 1987 Exploratory Experiments—Results and Discussion ◊ FY 1988 Experiments ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Meta-analysis—Subcontract)—Meta-analysis of ­Forced-Choice Precognition Experiments (1935–1987) delete deleteCharles Honorton, Dianne B. Ferrari and George Hansen

▪ Abstract ▪ Objectives ▪ Delineating the Domain ◊ Source of Studies ◊ Criteria for Inclusion ◊ Outcome Measures ◊ General Characteristics of the Domain ▪ Overall Cumulation ◊ Replication Across Investigators ◊ The File Drawer Problem ▪ Outlier Elimination ▪ Study Quality ◊ Study Quality Criteria ◊ Study Quality Analysis ◊ Quality Extremes ◊ Quality Variation in Publication Sources ◊ Study Quality in Relation to Year of Publication ▪ “Real-Time” Alternatives to Precognition ◊ Method of Determining RNT Entry Point ◊ Use of Mangan’s Method ▪ Moderating Variables ◊ Selected versus Unselected Subjects ◊ Individual versus Group Testing ◊ Feedback ◊ Time Interval ◊ Influence of Moderating Variables in Combination ▪ Discussion

Annex: Chronological Listing of ­Meta-Analysis Study References

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1988 (Experiment)—The Effects of Hypnosis on Remote Viewing Quality delete deleteNevin D. Lantz

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Objective ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hypothesis ◊ Viewer Selection ◊ Target Selection ◊ Hypnosis Procedure ◊ Protocol ◊ Analysis ▪ Results ◊ Hypnotizability Scales ◊ RV Results ▪ Discussion

Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews

1989 (Experiment)—An Effort to Improve Remote Viewing Quality Using Hypnosis delete deleteNevin D. Lantz

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Objective ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hypothesis ◊ Viewer Selection ◊ Target Selection ◊ Hypnosis Procedure ◊ Protocols ◊ Analysis ▪ Results ◊ Hypnotizability Scales ◊ RV Results ▪ Discussion

1989 (Meta-analysis)—Review of the Psychoenergetic Research Conducted

SRI International (1973–1988) delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts, Virginia V. Trask,

Wanda W. Luke, Thane J. Frivold and Beverley S. Humphrey

▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Analysis of Domain ◊ Database Management System ◊ Statistical Methods ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Overall Results ◊ Results for Categories within the Informational Process ◊ Specific Results for Remote Viewing

Annex: Coding Sheets and Instructions for the ­Meta-Analysis

1989 (Experiment)—An Application Oriented Remote Viewing Experiment delete delete

Edwin C. May

▪ Objective ▪ Background ◊ Remote Viewing ◊ Fuzzy Set Analysis ▪ Approach ◊ Remote Viewer ◊ Target Material ◊ Experiment Protocol ◊ Analysis Technique ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Conclusions

Annex A: Remote Viewing Response (Drawings) August 1988

Annex B: Remote Viewing Response (Transcript) August 1988

▪ Session Number One: Viewer 372, August 24 1988, 10:08 A.M. ▪ Session Number Two: Viewer 372 August 24, 1988, 3:00 p.m. ▪ Session Number Three: Viewer 372 August 25, 1988, 9:10 a.m. ▪ Session Number Four: Viewer 372, August 25 1988, 11:20 a.m.

1989 (Analysis)—A Prototype Analysis System for Special Remote Viewing Tasks delete delete

Wanda L.W. Luke, Thane J. Frivold, Edwin C. May and Virginia V. Trask

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Fuzzy Set Formalism ◊ Prototype Analysis System ◊ Partial Application of Analysis System to Existing Target Pool ◊ General Conclusions

Annex A: Universal Set of Elements for Analysis of Function

Annex B: An Analysts’ Guide to the Universal Set of Elements

▪ Introduction ▪ Element Levels and Their

1989 (Assessment)—Screening for Remote Viewing Talent delete delete

Virginia V. Trask, Nevin D. Lantz, Wanda L.W. Luke and Edwin C. May

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Overview ◊ Objective ▪ Method of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Group Screening Protocol ◊ ­Second-Stage Screening Protocol ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Summary ◊ ­First-Stage Results ◊ ­Second-Stage Results ◊ Conclusions

1990 (Experiment)—Observation of Neuromagnetic Fields in Response to Remote Stimuli delete deleteEdwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke, Virginia V. Trask and Thane J. Frivold

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Physiological Correlates to Psychoenergetic Functioning: A Brief History ◊ Technological Background ▪ Methods of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Protocol ◊ Data Analyses ◊ Monte Carlo Calculations ▪ Results ◊ Calculations ◊ Monte Carlo Estimates of Significance ◊ Results: Button Presses ▪ Discussion and Conclusions ◊ ­Root-Mean-Square Phase ◊ Viewer Dependencies ◊ Pseudo Stimuli (PS)

1991 (Research Plan)—A Comprehensive Research Plan for Anomalous Mental

Phenomena delete deleteEdwin C. May and Wanda L.W. Luke

▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ◊ Historical Background ◊ Overview of the Research Plan ▪ Research Plan ◊ Definition of Terms ◊ Research Objectives ◊ Method of Approach ◊ Conclusions ▪ Rationale ◊ Anomalous Cognition ◊ Anomalous Perturbation ◊ Integration ▪ Recommendations ▪ Glossary ◊ Introduction ◊ Objective ◊ Definitions

1991 (Protocols)—Protocols for the Use of Human Subjects delete deleteThe Cognitive Sciences Laboratory

▪ Target and Sender Dependencies in Anomalous Cognition ◊ General Information ◊ Proposed Use of Human Subjects ▪ Anomalous Cognition in Lucid Dreams ◊ General Information ◊ Proposed Use of Human Subjects ▪ Enhancing Detection of Anomalous Cognition with Binary Coding ◊ General Information ◊ Proposed Use of Human Subjects ▪ Enhancing Anomalous Cognition of Binary Targets ◊ General Information ◊ Proposed Use of Human Subjects

1992 (White Paper)—The Geomagnetic Field and Human Performance delete delete

S. James P. Spottiswoode and Edwin C. May

▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ Overview of the Physics of the Geomagnetic Field ◊ The GMF and Animal Behavior ◊ GMF Fluctuations and Human Behavior ◊ Possible Mechanisms of GMF Interactions with Organisms ▪ Approach ◊ Requirements for Testing Correlates to Human Performance ◊ Proposed Analyses ▪ Required Resources

Annex

1993 (Overview)—Phenomenological Research and Analysis delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Objective ▪ Background ◊ Historical Perspective ◊ Current Program ▪ Executive Summary ◊ Target Dependencies ◊ Enhancing Detection of AC of Binary Targets ◊ AC in Lucid Dreams ◊ Magnetoencephalograph ◊ Enhancing the Detection of AC with Binary Coding ▪ Subcontracts ◊ Edinburgh University ◊ Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) ◊ The Lucidity Institute ▪ Other Activity ◊ Correlations between AC and Geomagnetic Activity ◊ Assessment of Theoretical Constructs ◊ Anomalous Perturbation ◊ Fuzzy Set Analysis ◊ Empirical Training Overview ◊ A Potential New Training Method ▪ Glossary ▪ Appendices

1993 (Experiment)—Target Dependencies delete deleteEdwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Approach ◊ ­Target-pool Selection ◊ Target Preparation ◊ Target Selection ◊ Receiver Selection ◊ Sender Selection ◊ Session Protocol ◊ Analysis ▪ Hypotheses ◊ Null Hypothesis ◊ Sender and Target Condition ◊ Target Entropy ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Effect Size Analysis ◊ Analysis of Variance ◊ Post Hoc Assessment ◊ Overall Conclusions

Annex: Target Elements for the Fuzzy Set Representation of AC Targets

1993 (Experiment)—Enhancing Detection of AC of Binary Targets delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Approach ◊ Theoretical ◊ A ­Two-tailed Example of Sequential Analysis ◊ Hypotheses ◊ Protocol ▪ Results and Discussion

1993 (Experiment)—Enhancing Detection of AC with Binary Encoding delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Abstract ▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Approach ◊ Targets ◊ Target Selection ◊ Receiver Selection ◊ Protocol ▪ Results ◊ ­Rank-Ordering ◊ Number Decoding ▪ Discussions and Conclusions

1991 (Protocol)—Technical Protocol for the MEG Investigation delete delete

Edwin C. May and Wanda L.W. Luke

▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Approach ◊ Experiment Replication ◊ MEG System and Environment Calibration ▪ Discussions and Conclusions ◊ Null Testing ◊ Significant Deviations ▪ Review of Statistical Power ▪ Receiver Information ◊ Introduction ◊ Why This Experiment? ◊ What Is Magnetoencephalography? ◊ What Does This Experiment Consist Of? ◊ What Will Be Expected of

1993 (Experiment)—Magnetoencephalograph delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Introduction ▪ Approach ◊ Replication Protocol ▪ Results ▪ Discussion ▪ Suggested Research

1993 (Experiment)—A Preliminary Study of Anomalous Perception During

Lucid Dreaming delete deleteEdwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Nevin D. Lantz

▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Approach ◊ Receiver Selection ◊ Target Selection ◊ Trial Definition ◊ Lucid Dream Protocol ◊ AC Baseline Measures ◊ Protocol for a ­Lucid-Dream Trial ▪ Results and Discussion

Annex: A Preliminary Study of Anomalous Perception During Lucid Dreaming delete

Stephen LaBerge

▪ Procedure ▪ Results ▪ Discussion

1994 (Overview)—Phenomenological Research and Analysis delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Christine L. James

▪ Executive Summary ▪ Technical Overview ◊ Biophysical Measurements ◊ Data Patterns/Parameter Correlations ▪ Theoretical Issues ◊ Probable Futures ◊ Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen Paradox (EPR) ◊ General Relativity ◊ Time and Entropy ◊ Novel Potentials ▪ Applied Research ◊ Replication of a Russian Experiment ◊ Attempts at Message Sending Using AC ◊ Improved Analysis ▪ Research Methodology and Support ▪ Appendicies

1994 (Assessment)—Q-Sort Personality Assessment delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Christine L. James

▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Approach ◊ The ­Q-Sort Method ◊ Subject Selection ◊ Procedure ◊ Analysis ▪ Results and Conclusions

1994 (Certification)—Application-Oriented Receiver Certification delete deleteEdwin C. May

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods of Certification ◊ Certification by Example ◊ Testbed Certification ◊ Laboratory Certification ▪ Conclusions

1994 (Experiment)—Central Nervous System Response to AC Signals delete delete

Edwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke and Christine L. James

▪ Objective ▪ Background ◊ Prior Research ◊ Conditions for Quality AC Functioning ◊ Target Systems ◊ Conclusions ▪ Protocol ◊ Introduction ◊ Target Stimuli ◊ Receivers ◊ Trial Protocol ◊ AC Behavior Analysis ◊ ERD Analysis ▪ Results and Discussion

Annex: A Search for Alpha Power Changes Associated with Anomalous Cognition delete delete

Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode and Laura V. Faith

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ A Typical Anomalous Cognition Protocol ◊ ­Rank-Order Analysis ◊ Two Examples of Anomalous Cognition ◊ Search for a Neurophysiological Correlate to AC ▪ Experiment Protocol ◊ General ◊ Anomalous Cognition Design ◊ EEG Parameters and Stimulus Design ◊ Trial Protocol ◊ AC Behavioral Results ◊ EEG Data Analysis ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusions

1994 (Analysis)—Target and Sender Dependencies in Anomalous Cognition Experiments delete deleteNevin D. Lantz, Wanda L.W. Luke and Edwin C. May

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The 1992 Experiment ◊ ­Target-pool Selection ◊ Receiver, Sender and Monitor Selection ◊ Protocol ◊ Target Preparation ◊ Trial Schedule ◊ Session Sequence ◊ Analysis ◊ Hypotheses ◊ Effect Size Results ◊ ANOVA Results ◊ Discussion and Hypothesis Formulation ▪ The 1993 Experiment ◊ Target Pools ◊ Receiver, Monitor and Sender Selection ◊ Protocol ◊ Analysis ◊ Hypotheses ◊ Data Analysis and Results ◊ ­Rank-order ◊ General Discussion and Conclusions

1994 (Analysis)—Managing the Target Pool Bandwidth: Noise Reduction for Anomalous

Cognition Experiments delete deleteEdwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode and Christine L. James

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Summary of the First Anomalous Cognition Experiment—1992 ◊ Target Pools—1992 ◊ Data Analysis and Results—1992 ◊ Hypothesis Formulation and Discussion—1992 ▪ Summary of the Second Anomalous Cognition Experiment—1993 ◊ Target Pools—1993 ◊ Data Analysis and Results—1993 ▪ General Discussion and Conclusions

1995 (Analysis)—AC Technical Trials: Inspiration for the Target Entropy Concept delete delete

Edwin C. May

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ First Trial—May 1987 ◊ Second Trial—August 1988 ▪ General Discussions and Conclusions

1994 (Analysis)—Shannon Entropy as an Intrinsic Target Property: Toward a Reductionist Model of Anomalous Cognition delete delete

Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode and Christine L. James

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Approach ◊ Shannon Entropy: A Short Description ◊ Target Calculations ◊ AC Data Analysis ▪ Anomalous Cognition Experiment—1992 ◊ Entropy Analysis ▪ Anomalous Cognition Experiment—1993 ◊ Entropy Analysis ▪ General Conclusions

1994 (Program Note)—A 5-Year Program Plan for Anomalous Mental Phenomena delete delete

Edwin C. May

▪ Introduction ◊ Phase I—Start-Up ◊ Phase II—The First Two Years ◊ Phase III—The Final Three Years ◊ Oversight ◊ Conclusions ▪ Scientific Oversight Committee ▪ Institutional Review Board ▪ Policy Oversight Committee

The Ganzfeld Studies

1993 (Meta-analysis—Subcontract)—Impact of the Sender in Ganzfeld Communication:

­Meta-Analysis and Power Estimates delete deleteCharles Honorton

▪ Abstract ▪ Description of the Domain ◊ The Standard Analysis Method ◊ Variations in Method ▪ Method ◊ Study Retrieval ◊ ­Meta-Analysis of Ganzfeld Effect Sizes ▪ Results ◊ Overall Effect ◊ Impact of Sender vs. No Sender ▪ Conclusions ▪ Studies Used in the Meta-Analysis

1993 (Meta-analysis—Subcontract)—The Ganzfeld Novice: Four Predictors of Initial ESP Performance delete deleteCharles Honorton

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Differences between PRL and FRNM Novices ▪ Psi Performance ▪ Reported Personal Psi Experiences ▪ Prior Psi Testing ▪ ­Myers-Briggs ­Feeling-Perception ▪ Mental Disciplines ▪ ­Combined-Predictor Models ◊ The ­Four-Predictor Model ◊ The ­Three-Predictor Model ▪ Discussion

1993 (Protocol—Subcontract)—Effects of the Sender on Anomalous Communication in the Ganzfeld Research Protocol delete deleteCharles Honorton

▪ Project Overview ▪ Study Design ◊ Video Ganzfeld System ◊ Hardware System ◊ Software System ◊ Target Stimuli ▪ Generic Characterization of Targets Based on Environmental Psychology Approaches ◊ Predictor Measures ◊ Subjects

Annex: Semantic Differential Scales Used for Generic Target Characterization

▪ Primary Emotional Responses ▪ Information Rate

1994 (Protocol—Subcontract)—Security Measures in an Automated Ganzfeld System delete delete

Kathy S. Dalton, Robert L. Morris, Dean Radin and Richard Wiseman

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Development ◊ Laboratory Layout ◊ Hardware ◊ Software ◊ Security Measures ▪ Example of a ­Process-Oriented Autoganzfeld Study ▪ Discussion

1994 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Ganzfeld Experiment: SAIC Final Report delete delete

Robert L. Morris

▪ Introduction ▪ Experimental Methods ◊ The Main Conditions and Rationale ◊ Participant Population ◊ Targets ◊ Physical Environment ◊ Measures of Individual Differences ◊ Procedure ◊ Results ▪ Discussion ▪ Future Research

Miscellaneous

1986 (Miscellaneous—Subcontract)—A Resource Library for Parapsychological

Literature and Related Disciplines delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Rhea A. White

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Discussion

Annex: Final Report for 1985–1986 on PsiLine Database delete deleteRhea A. White

▪ Summary ▪ Overview ▪ Recommendations for FY 1987

1993 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Possible Effect of Geomagnetic Fluctuations on the Timing of Epileptic Seizures delete delete

S. James P. Spottiswoode, Erik Taubøll, Michael Duchowny and Vernon Neppe

▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods ◊ Patients ◊ Geomagnetic Field Data ◊ Analysis ▪ Results ▪ Discussion

Appendices

I: Anomalous Mental Phenomena Processes

II: Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research Overview

III: Star Gate Oversight Committees

IV: Sample Statement of Work

V: Star Gate Funding (1972–1995)

VI: List of Subcontracts

VII: Star Gate Archives Statistics

VIII: Comprehensive Bibliography of SRI and SAIC Reports on the Star Gate Program

IX: SRI and SAIC Personnel

List of Abbreviations

Glossary

Author Index

Subject Index