Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (eBook)

Cover 1
Preface 6
Table of Contents 8
Annette Weissenrieder: Introduction 12
1. Formation and Transformation of Space: Georg Simmel’s Theory of Borders 12
2. Formation and Transformation of Space: Frontiers and Boundaries 16
3. Formation and Transformation of Space: Border and Boundaries 18
4. The heuristic value of analyzing borders 22
I. Borders, Frontiers, and Boundaries of Land and City: Terms, Performances, and Ideologies 32
Annette Schellenberg: “And God Separated the Light from the Darkness” (Gen 1:4) – On the Role of Borders in the Priestly Texts of the Pentateuch 34
1. Basic Separations 34
2. Spatial Borders (Holy Land Different Zones of Holiness)
3. Cultic Borders (Holy–Common Pure–Impure)
4. Anthropological Borders (Priests–Ordinary Israelites Israelites–Foreigners)
5. Summary 51
Martina Kepper: What to do with borders when they become obsolete? Strategies of re-defining border concepts in the Hebrew and Greek Text of Genesis 54
1. The land and its boundaries: a very brief overview 55
2. Setting the stage: The borders of “the land” in Old Testament writings 57
3. Changing the perspective: a dynamic border concept in Genesis 59
4. Blurring the borders: Transformation through translation 63
5. Conclusion 69
David L. Balch :Borders: Terms, Ideologies, and Performances. Jesus and the Samaritan / Judean Border 72
1. Introduction: Wayne Meeks’ critique of Rudolf Bultmann on Christian Ethics 72
2. Jesus’ Sayings and his Healing of Foreigners 74
3. Social Boundaries: Josephus and Recent Archaeology of Samaritans 75
3.1 Josephus on the Samaritans 75
3.2 Archaeological Excavations in Samaria 77
4. Rituals / Symbols of Ethnic Identity and Social / Religious Change 78
4.1 Jonathan Z. Smith on Social Conflict and Change 78
4.2 Symbols of Jewish and of Greco-Roman Cultural Identity: Circumcision and Roman Baths 78
4.3 Historical Examples of Social Conflict and Transformation within Judaism: Jeremiah and the Ba’al Shem Tov 81
4.4 Institutional Change Illustrated by Conflict in Contemporary Lutheran Churches 83
4.5 Cultural, Ethnic Dialogue, not Fusion 83
5. The Jew Jesus and Samaritans 84
6. Conclusion: Contemporary North / South Ethnic and Legal Boundaries 86
Harry O. Maier: Histoire Croisée, Entangled Bodies, Boundaries, and Socio-Political Geography in the Letter to the Colossians 88
1. Crisscrossed Imperial Identities and Paul 92
2. Histore croisée in Colossians 96
3. An Empire-Wide Christ 97
4. Redrawing Cosmic Boundaries 101
5. Intersections of Church and Empire 102
6. Borders and Hybridity 104
Alexander Sokolicek: Betwixt and Between – The Cultural Roles of the Magnesian Gate in Greek-Roman Ephesus 106
1. Architecture and chronology of the Magnesian Gate 108
2. The Processions Funded by C. Vibius Salutaris and the Magnesian Gate 110
3. An Ephesian Gyllos? 116
Christine M. Thomas: The Magnesian Gate at Ephesos. Variant Readings of Monumentality at the Borders of the City 126
1. Liminality 126
2. Romanization 130
3. Conclusion 133
Stefan Esders: Deditio and Baptism. Religious Borders and the Integration of Barbarians in the Later Roman Empire 134
Susanna Elm: Response to Stefan Esders: Deditio and Baptism 146
II. Borders and Boundaries of Temples: Terms, Performances, and Ideologies 152
Barbara Schmitz: Space, Borders and Boundaries in the Letter of Aristeas 154
1. Spatial representation and boundaries in the Book of Aristeas 156
2. Who narrates the Book of Aristeas? A first boundary crossing 156
3. Geographical spaces and boundaries in the Book of Aristeas 157
4. Boundary crossings in the Book of Aristeas by characters: The scrolls of the law 159
5. Boundaries and boundary markers 161
5. Theological boundaries: No crossing! 162
6. Conclusion 164
Georgia Petridou: Amorphous Epiphanies and Divine Bilingualism. Crossing Physical and Cultural Borders on the Battlefield 166
1. Introduction 166
2. Thwarted Border Crossings at the Sanctuary of Zeus Panamaros in Stratonikeia 169
3. Transgressing Boundaries and Divine Bilingualism at the temple of Athena of Lindos 175
4. Border-crossings and variations of epiphanic morphology at the sanctuary of Delphios Apollo 179
5. Conclusion 182
Anna-Katharina Rieger: Gods on the Rocks – Material Approaches to the Rock-Face at Caesarea Philippi (Mount Hermon) 184
1. The terrace at the foot of the rock-face at Caesarea Philippi 184
2. What makes the terrace, the cave and the rock-face at Caesarea Philippi a sacred place? 192
3. Spatial layout and sensory experiences 194
3.1 Structures and facilities not made for daily-life activities 194
3.2 Platforms and practices: Where and how the gods can be approached 198
4. Gods in the rock-face: Niches, images and texts 200
4.1 The gods who are in Panias 201
4.2 Ways of representation and material of the gods 202
5. The rôles of the gods in the rockface in enabling communication 204
5.1 Addressees and additives 204
5.2 Ways of communication 207
6. Conclusion 209
Annette Weissenrieder: “Tear Down the Middle Wall of the Temple” : the Meaning of mesotoichon in Ephesians 2:14 212
1. The meaning of ?????????? in Greek and Roman antiquity 215
1.1 The meaning of ?????????? in the Apollo Temple in Didyma 215
1.2 The meaning of ?????????? in the inscription 22 from Argos 222
1.3 The meaning of paries and maceria 223
2. The significance of ????? ?????? in Josephus 225
3. The question of the dividing wall with the term ????????? – ????????? 229
4. Conclusion 233
III. Borders and Boundaries of Houses: Terms, Performances, and Ideologies 244
Frank Ueberschaer: Borders between Privacy and Public in the Thinking of Ben Sira 246
1. Public, Publicity, and Rules of Conduct 247
2. @home 258
3. On Borders and Iron Curtains 261
Bart B. Bruehler: Open and Shut : The Real and Metaphorical Doors of the New Testament in their Mediterranean Context 266
1. Introduction 266
2. The Variety of Door References in the Mediterranean and the New Testament 267
3. Constructed and Experienced Doors in the Mediterranean World 269
4. Doors as Metaphors in the Mediterranean World 283
5. The Real and Metaphorical Doors of the New Testament 288
6. Conclusion 291
Ivan Varriale: Otium and Negotium – The Breakdown of a Boundary in the Imperial Villas. The case study of Pausilypon 294
1. Foreword 294
2. Introduction 294
3. The Villa of Pausilypon 298
4. The pars publica 301
5. Final observations 306
IV. Borders and Boundaries 314
Barbara Böck: On the Ancient Mesopotamian Concept of “Taboo”. Transgression and Delimitation 316
1. The terminology and its cognitive concept 316
2. Transgressions 322
3. The impact of breaching on the human body 325
4. Drawing borders in rituals 328
5. Conclusion 332
Ingrid E. Lilly: R?a? Embodied – Job’s Internal Disease from the Perspective of Mesopotamian Medicine 334
1. Winds and Illness in Mesopotamian Medical Discourse 336
2. Wind and the Progression of Job’s Illness 341
3. Job’s Illness and Mesopotamian Medicine 345
4. Rûa?, Embodiment, and Disease in Job 346
Gert J. Steyn: Crossing the Border – Reflections on Heb 13:13. “Let us then go to him outside the camp …” 348
1. Introduction 348
2. Option 1: A metaphor for rejection and God’s presence “outside the camp” 350
2.1 Negative connotations: A space for punishment 350
2.1.1 A dumping place for the bodies of disobedient cultic servants 350
2.1.2 Rejection outside the camp for impurity 350
2.1.3 Execution outside the camp due to violation of the Sabbath 351
2.2 Positive connotations: The space of religious rituals 351
2.2.1 The sanctuary outside the camp 351
2.2.2 The sanctuary outside the camp as a space for God’s spirit and prophecy 351
2.2.3 Day of the Atonement rituals outside the camp 352
2.2.4 The ritual for the purification water “outside the camp” 352
2.3 Assessment of Option 1 352
3. Option 2: Spiritualised interpretation in Philo and the Talmud 354
3.1. A God-loving soul flees affections and seeks perfect doctrines of virtue (Leg. 2,54–8) 355
3.2 Pursuing virtues (Leg. 3,151–152) 355
3.3 The wise man pursues a peaceful and divine life (Ebr. 97–101) 356
3.4 Focusing the mind on God (Gig. 54–55) 357
3.5 The Palestinian Talmud 357
3.6 Assessment of Option 2 357
4. Option 3: Entering the heavenly sphere: A symbolic liturgical rite? 358
4.1 Psalm 118 and its liturgical connections with the Jewish Festivals 359
4.2 Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice and the Apocalypse of Abraham as liturgical examples 361
4.3 Assessment of Option 3 364
5. Conclusion 366
Michael Bachmann: Important and Delicate – Borders According to Paul 370
1. Introduction 370
2. Pauline Statements 371
2.1. Correlated with Groups 371
2.1.1. Important Borders 371
2.1.2. Delicate Borders 380
2.2. Correlated with Individual Persons 382
2.2.1. Important Borders 382
2.2. Delicate Borders 383
3. Implications 391
James R. Harrison: Who is the “Lord of Grace”? Jesus’ Parables in Imperial Context 394
1. Territorial Borders and the Ideology of Marginalisation 394
1.1 The Borders of Australia and the Question of Mercy to Asylum Seekers 394
1.2 The Borders of Roman Empire and the Question of Mercy in Its First-Century Context 396
2. The Borders of Imperial Grace: Misericordia or Clementia? 398
3. The Role of Clementia in Roman Politics from the Late Republic to the Early Empire 404
3.1 Defining Clementia and the Occasions for Its Demonstration 404
3.2 Clementia and Its Critics: The Ambiguity of Imperial Rule in the First Century 406
3.2.1 The clementia of Julius Caesar 406
3.2.2 The clementia of Augustus 408
3.2.3 The clementia of Tiberius 412
3.2.4 From the Julio-Claudians to the Flavians: Further Instances of Imperial clementia 413
3.2.5 Conclusion 416
4. Seneca and the Clementia of the Ideal Ruler 417
5. “Mercy” and “Compassion” in the Lukan Parables from a Roman Perspective, with Special Emphasis on Luke 18:10–14 420
6. Conclusion 427
Holger Zellentin: Jewish Dreams Between Roman Palestine and Sasanian Babylonia. Cultural and Geographic Borders in Rabbinic Discourse (Yerushalmi Ma‘aser Sheni 57c, 17–24 and Bavli Berakhot 58a–b) 430
1. Translating Dreams: Professional and Lists of Omina in Late Antiquity 432
2. Cultural Borders: The Palestinian Rabbis and Late Roman Dream Culture 448
3. Geographic Borders: A Babylonian Parody of a Palestinian Dream Book 455
4. Appendix: Props and Omina as Markers of Internal Borders 463
Authors 470
Index of Ancient Authors 474
Hebrew Bible 474
Septuagint 480
Vulgate 482
New Testament 482
Apocryphal Literature 489
Pseudepigraphic Literature 489
Near Eastern Literature 490
Dead Sea Scrolls 491
Greco-Roman Literature 491
Inscriptions 499
Rabbinic Literature 501
Early Christian Literature 502
Index of Modern Authors 504
Index of Subjects 509