European Bank Restructuring During the Global Financial Crisis

Professor Magorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Ph.D. is Full Professor of Finance at Warsaw School of Economics (Poland) and a head of the Financial System Unit in the Institute of Finance. Ms. Iwanicz-Drozdowska graduated from Warsaw School of Economics in 1995. She has been involved in business practice for more than 20 years. Professor Iwanicz-Drozdowska is a member of the supervisory boards for Alior Bank, the Insurance Guarantee Fund, and the European Medical Fund. She cooperates with the Gdansk Institute for Market Economics (think tank) and Warsaw Institute of Banking. Ms. Iwanicz-Drozdowska was granted scholarships by Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (1999) and Deutsche Stiftung fuer Internationale Rechtliche Zusammenarbeit EV (1998). She was a Visiting Researcher at New York University, Stern School of Business, and a Visiting Professor within the Erasmus program. Ms. Iwanicz-Drozdowska is author of more than 130 publications on banking and financial services market and a participant of numerous research projects. Her specializations include financial safety net, financial stability, management of financial institutions, and financial education. Jakub Kerlin is Master of Laws at the University of Warsaw and Master in Finance and Accounting at Warsaw School of Economics. Awarded by the Minister of Science for academic performance, he is a Ph.D. candidate at the College of Management and Finance (in the Institute of Finance) at Warsaw School of Economics. He is a Bank Guarantee Fund employee and is training as a legal articled clerk. His research interests include deposit insurance, bank recovery and resolution, financial safety net architecture, and financial stability. Anna Kozowska is a Ph.D. candidate at Collegium of Management and Finance (in the Institute of Finance) at Warsaw School of Economics. She was awarded a Master of Arts degree at Warsaw School of Economics in 2009. She has held a professional role within the Risk Division of ING Bank ?l?ski since 2010. Her research interests include financial stability, market risk, and banking regulations. Elbieta Malinowska-Misig, Ph.D. has been Assistant Professor in the Institute of Finance at Warsaw School of Economics since October 2012. She graduated from the Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw in 1997. From 1998-2012 Ms. Malinowska-Misig worked as a Research Assistant at the Gdansk Institute for Market Economics (think tank). Between November 2006 and June 2007 she was an advisor to the Minister of Finance on matters relating to the preparation of new law on public finance. Her main area of interest is public finance, with particular emphasis on organizational and regulatory issues. She is author and co-author of around 40 publications including nearly 20 books,. She has also provided reports and consultancy for inter alia, the Polish Parliament, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Regional Development, and published articles in newspapers and specialist journals. Agnieszka K. Nowak, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Finance at Warsaw School of Economics. An author of publications on bank controlling, banking risk, bank management, and financial education, she also has practical experience in banking, having worked for financial institutions and been employed as a member of the supervisory board of a brokerage firm. Pawe Smaga, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Finance at Warsaw School of Economics. He is Senior Economist at the National Bank of Poland, where he is responsible for analysing financial stability issues, macroprudential supervision, and the EU financial system regulations, which also constitute areas of his research interests. For his Ph.D. thesis in 2014 he received the 1st Award of the President of the Bank Guarantee Fund and recognition from the Governor of the NBP (National Bank of Poland). Piotr Winiewski, Ph.D. is an economic sciences graduate of Warsaw School of Economics and the University of Minnesota. He is a Visiting Professor at various universities abroad and also Assistant Professor in the Corporate Finance Unit for the Institute of Finance at Warsaw School of Economics. He has held managerial positions for Credit Lyonnais (now Credit Agricole Group) in London, and in Erste Securities, Wood & Company, TFI PZU, PKO BP. His areas of practical and academic interest include corporate finance, global capital markets and success factors of international financial institutions (including in the context of intellectual capital). Bartosz Witkowski, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of the Institute of Econometrics at Warsaw School of Economics. He graduated from Warsaw School of Economics in 2001. His research specialization includes panel data analysis and its application in economics and finance. He cooperated as lecturer and researcher with the Polish Academy of Science, the National Bank of Poland, World Bank, and Bank Guarantee Fund. Mr. Witkowski is a participant of numerous research projects financed by the National Science Center and the National Bank of Poland, and is author and co-author of various research papers.

List of Figures
List of Tables
Notes on the Contributors
Introduction: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
1. Banking Crises and Restructuring Tools: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
1.1. Short History and the Scope of the Analysis
1.2. Causes of Banking Crises - Review of the Literature
1.3. Types of Financial Support - Historical Perspective
2. Pre-Crisis Landscape: Pawe? Smaga
2.1. Economic Environment
2.1.1. Macroeconomic Conditions
2.1.2. Fiscal Policy
2.1.3. Monetary Policy
2.2. Pre-Crisis Financial Standing of the EU Banking Sector
2.3. Pre-Crisis Legal and Institutional Arrangements for Rescue Operations in the EU
3. State Aid and Fiscal Costs: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska, El?bieta Malinowska-Misi?g and Bartosz Witkowski
3.1. State Aid for Financial Institutions During the Crisis: El?bieta Malinowska-Misi?g
3.1.1. General Rules for Granting State Aid
3.1.2. Guidelines for Granting State Aid to Financial Institutions
3.1.3. Guarantees for Liabilities of Financial Institutions
3.1.4. Recapitalisation of Financial Institutions
3.1.5. Assistance Related to Impaired Assets
3.1.6. Assistance for Liquidation
3.2. European Stability Mechanism and Assistance to EU Countries: El?bieta Malinowska-Misi?g
3.2.1. European Stability Mechanism
3.2.2. Assistance to Countries
3.2.2.1. Assistance to Greece
3.2.2.2. Assistance to Ireland
3.2.2.3. Assistance to Portugal
3.2.2.4. Assistance to Spain
3.2.2.5. Assistance to Cyprus
3.3. The Impact of Restructuring Costs on Public Finance: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska, El?bieta Malinowska-Misi?g and Bartosz Witkowski
3.3.1. Burden on Public Finance: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska and El?bieta Malinowska-Misi?g
3.3.2. Econometric Model: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska and Bartosz Witkowski
4. Restructuring Tools and Their Costs: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Pawe? Smaga and Bartosz Witkowski
4.1. General Assumptions: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
4.2. Comparative Analysis: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska and Pawe? Smaga
4.3.Econometric Model: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska and Bartosz Witkowski
4.4. Cluster Analysis: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska and Bartosz Witkowski
5. Landscape After the Lessons of the Crisis: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Jakub Kerlin and Pawe? Smaga
5.1. Economic Situation and Changes in EU Banking Sector After the Outbreak of the Crisis: Pawe? Smaga
5.2. Changes in Prudential Regulations and the Financial Safety Net: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
5.2.1. Changes in Prudential Regulations
5.2.2. Changes in Financial Safety Net
5.3. Banks' Restructuring and Resolution: Jakub Kerlin
5.3.1. The Genesis of the Restructuring and Resolution Regulations
5.3.2. Objectives and Rules of the Resolution Process
5.3.3. Resolution Authorities
5.3.4. Sequence of Actions
5.3.5. Resolution Tools
5.3.6. Funding of the Resolution Procedure
5.3.7. Evaluation of Solutions
5.4. Banking Union: Pawe? Smaga
5.4.1. Construction of the Banking Union
5.4.2. Evaluation of the Banking Union
6. Summary: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska
Appendix: Case Studies of Restructured Banks and Asset Management Companies: Ma?gorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Jakub Kerlin, Anna Koz?owska, El?bieta Malinowska-Misi?g, Agnieszka K. Nowak, Pawe? Smaga and Piotr Wi?niewski