The Oxford Compendium of Visual Illusions

Arthur Shapiro, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at American University, Washington, D.C. Dejan Todorovic, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia.

How to Use the Online Textbook Introduction Part I: Introductory General Chapters 1. Early history of illusions - Nicholas J. Wade 2. Cross-cultural Studies of Illusions - J.B. Dergowski 3. Visual Illusion in a Comparative Perspective - Kazuo Fujita, Noriyuki Nakamura, and Sota Watanabe 4. An Analysis of Theoretical Approaches to Geometrical-Optical Illusions - Barbara Gillam 5. Visual Illusions in Action - Nicola Bruno 6. Motion Illusions in Man and Machine - Cornelia Fermüller 7. The Visual World as Illusion: The Ones We Know and the Ones We Don't - Stephen Grossberg 8. Visual Illusions? - Jan Koenderink 9. Why the Concept of "Visual Illusions" is Misleading - Dale Purves, William T. Wojtach, R. Beau Lotto 10. Where have all the illusions gone? -- A critique of the concept of illusion - Brian Rogers Part II: Geometrical 11. Weighted positional averaging in the illusions of the Müller-Lyer type - Aleksandr Bulatov 12. The Bar Cross Ellipse Illusion - Gideon P. Caplovitz, Alex Boswell, and Kyle Killebrew 13. The Spinning Ellipse Speed Illusion - Gideon Paul Caplovitz, Po-Jang Hsieh, Peter J. Kohler, and Katharine B. Porter 14. The Ames-window illusion and its variations - Marcel de Heer and Thomas V. Papathomas 15. Three-Dimensional Müller-Lyer Illusion: Theoretical and Practical Implications - Patricia R. DeLucia 16. Why do Hills Look so Steep? - Frank H. Durgin and Zhi Li 17. "Shape from Smear": An Illusion of 3D Shape, Made by Finger-Painting with Noise - Roland W. Fleming and Daniel Holtmann-Rice 18. Geometric-optical illusions under isoluminance? - Kai Hamburger, Thorsten Hansen, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner 19. The Picture Surface Illusion: 3D Biases 2D - Sherief Hammad and John M. Kennedy 20. Cast Shadow Illusions - Daniel Kersten and Pascal Mamassian 21. Leaning Tower Illusion - Frederick A. A. Kingdom, Ali Yoonessi, and Elena Gheorghiu 22. The Invisible Saddle, or the Cap-or-Cup Illusion - Jan Koenderink, Andrea van Doorn, and Johan Wagemans 23. Symmetry and uprightness in visually-perceived shapes - Lydia Maniatis 24. Bath Tub Illusion - Lydia Maniatis 25. The Pitchroom Illusion: How High is Up? - Leonard Matin, Ethel Matin, Wenxun Li, Todd E. Hudson, and Adam Shavit 26. Geometric Illusions in the Human Face and Body - Kazunori Morikawa 27. Dynamic Illusory Size Contrast: enhanced relative size effects due to stimulus motion - Ryan E.B. Mruczek, Christopher D. Blair, Lars Strother, and Gideon P. Caplovitz 28. Size Contrast and assimilation in the Delboeuf and Ebbinghaus illusions - Ryan E.B. Mruczek, Christopher D. Blair, Lars Strother, and Gideon P. Caplovitz 29. The Occlusion, Configural Shape, and Shrinkage Illusions - Stephen E. Palmer and Karen B. Schloss 30. Reverse-perspective art and objects - Illusions in depth and motion - Thomas V. Papathomas 31. The New Moon Illusion - Brian Rogers and Stuart Anstis 32. Geometrical errors are the cost of maintaining the luminance contrast polarity - Sergio Roncato 33. Antigravity Slopes: A new type of visual illusion - Kokichi Sugihara 34. The geometrical-optical illusions of J.J. Oppel - Dejan Todorovic 35. Oppel-Kundt Illusion - Jill Wackermann 36. The Shifted-Chessboard Pattern as Paradigm of the Exegesis of Geometrical-optical Illusions - Gerald Westheimer Part III: Brightness/Lightness/Color 37. A Layered Experience of Lightness and Color - Barton L. Anderson 38. Color & luminance: afterimages, combinations and flicker - Stuart Anstis 39. The White effect - Barbara Blakeslee and Mark E. McCourt 40. The Dungeon Illusion - Paola Bressan and Peter Kramer 41. The contrast contrast illusion - Charles Chubb, Joshua A. Solomon, and George Sperling 42. Illusory Color Spread from Apparent Motion - Carol M. Cicerone and Donald D. Hoffman 43. The reversed contrast Necker cube - Alessandra Galmonte and Tiziano Agostini 44. Changing the Chevreul Illusion by a Background Luminance Ramp - János Geier and Mariann Hudák 45. The curved grid non-illusions: eliminating Hermann's spots and Lingelbach's scintillation - János Geier and Mariann Hudák 46. The Staircase Gelb Illusion - Alan Gilchrist 47. The Breathing Light Illusion: illusory size and brightness variation induced by motion - Simone Gori, Enrico Giora, and D. Alan Stubbs 48. Large Shift in Brightness Induced by Motion in Context - Sang Wook Hong 49. The Chromatic Mach Card - Anya Hurlbert 50. Colour Assimilation - Frederick A. A. Kingdom 51. When light looks like paint - Frederick A. A. Kingdom 52. The Scintillating Grid - Bernd Lingelbach 53. Second-order Mach Bands, Chevreul, and Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet Illusions - Zhong-Lin Lu and George Sperling 54. Vasarely's Nested Squares and the Alternating Brightness Star illusion - Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik 55. Grating Induction - Mark E. McCourt and Barbara Blakeslee 56. Illusory variations in apparent dot brightness induced by density modulations - Jeffrey B. Mulligan 57. On the Watercolor Illusion - Baingio Pinna 58. The Chinese lantern illusion - Sergio Roncato, Sandro Bettella, and Clara Casco 59. The Wedding Cake Illusion: Interaction of Geometric and Photometric Factors in Induced Contrast and Assimilation - Branka Spehar and Colin WG Clifford 60. Filling-in between contours - Rob van Lier 61. The glare effect - Daniele Zavagno and Olga Daneyko Part IV: Motion-Based 62. Improbable Illusory Contours - Barton L. Anderson 63. Low-level motion illusions - Stuart Anstis 64. High-level organization of motion: Ambiguous, Primed, Sliding, & Flashed - Stuart Anstis 65. Backscroll illusion - Kiyoshi Fujimoto 66. The Rotating Tilted Lines Illusion: rotation instead of expansion, a peculiar case of motion misperception - Simone Gori 67. The enigmatic Enigma illusion - Kai Hamburger 68. The Fraser-Wilcox illusion and its extension - Akiyoshi Kitaoka 69. Induced motion - Jasmin Léveillé and Arash Yazdanbakhsh 70. The Freezing Rotation Illusion - Erika N. Lorincz and Max R. Dürsteler 71. Second-order Reversed Phi - Zhong-Lin Lu and George Sperling 72. Attention-generated apparent motion - Zhong-Lin Lu and George Sperling 73. Two-stroke apparent motion - George Mather 74. On the Pinna Illusion - Baingio Pinna 75. Color Wagon Wheel - Arthur Shapiro 76. The Aperture Problem: Illusions arising during the integration and segmentation of motion within and across apertures - Maggie Shiffrar 77. Paths of Apparent Human Motion Follow Motor Constraints - Maggie Shiffrar and Christina Joseph 78. The Motion Standstill Illusion - George Sperling, Son-Hee Lyu, Chia-Huei Tseng, and Zhong-Lin Lu 79. Objectless Motion: The Pedestalled Motion Paradigm - George Sperling and Zhong-Lin Lu 80. Silencing the awareness of change - Jordan W. Suchow and George A. Alvarez 81. The Kayahara Silhouette Illusion - Nikolaus F. Troje 82. The motion aftereffect - Frans A.J. Verstraten and Peter J. Bex 83. High phi and ghost phi: Extreme motion illusions - Mark Wexler 84. Stereokinetic phenomena - Mario Zanforlin 85. Motion illusions in static patterns - Johannes M. Zanker Part V: Faces 86. The Venus Effect - Marco Bertamini and Richard Latto 87. The Hollow-mask Illusion and Variations - Thomas V. Papathomas 88. The Illusion of Sex - Richard Russell 89. The Bogart Effect - Sharon Gilad-Gutnick, Rohan Varma, and Pawan Sinha 90. The Presidential Illusion - Sharon Gilad-Gutnick and Pawan Sinha 91. About Face: The Margaret Thatcher Illusion - Peter Thompson 92. The Mona Lisa effect - Dejan Todorovic 93. The Wobbling Face Illusion - Sayako Ueda and Akiyoshi Kitaoka 94. Adaptation aftereffects in the perception of faces - Michael A. Webster Part VI: Grouping and Organization 95. Ambiguous Figures Moving Forward - Lori J. Bernstein 96. The Scramble Illusion: Texture Metamers - Charles Chubb, Joseph Darcy, Michael S. Landy, John Econopouly, Jong-Ho Nam, Dan Bindman, and George Sperling 97. Amodally completed angles - Walter Gerbino 98. Subjective Contours - Barbara Gillam 99. The Ternus Effect - Elisabeth Hein 100. Two sinusoids: 6 - 1 perceptions - Jan Kremlacek 101. The Illusions of Numerosity - Riccardo Luccio 102. The Aperture Capture Illusion - Evan M. Palmer and Philip J. Kellman Part VII: Attention 103. Motion-induced blindness (MIB) - Yoram Bonneh 104. Inattentional blindness and the illusion of attention - Daniel J. Simons Part VIII: Binocular Vision/Stereopsis 105. Binocular rivalry: The illusion of disappearance - Randolph Blake 106. Stereo Rotation Standstill and Related Illusions - Max R. Dürsteler and Erika N. Lorincz 107. The graph-paper effect: a moving, illusory, stereoscopic texture - Mark Georgeson Part IX: Adaptation 108. Adaptation to brightness change, contours, jogging, and apparent motion - Stuart Anstis 109. The Color Dove illusion- chromatic filling in effect following a spatial-temporal edge - Yuval Barkan and Hedva Spitzer 110. Blur adaptation and induction - Michael A. Webster Part X: Conflicting Scale or Other Information 111. Hybrid Image Illusion - Aude Oliva and Philippe G. Schyns 112. Contrast Asynchronies - Arthur Shapiro 113. Hidden Images - Nicholas J. Wade Part XI: Multisensory 114. The three-dimensional Necker cube - Nicola Bruno 115. The McGurk Effect and the Primacy of Multisensory Perception - James W. Dias, Theresa C. Cook, and Lawrence D. Rosenblum Index