Neuropsychology of Individual Differences (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Neuropsychology of Individual Differences 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Section I: Mental Abilities 16
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Neuropsychology of Individual Differences 18
I. INTRODUCTION 18
REFERENCES 22
Chapter 2. Neuropsychology of Language and Reading Development 24
I. OVERVIEW OF ADULT MODELS OF LANGUAGE AND READING 25
II. NORMAL LANGUAGE AND READING DEVELOPMENT 26
III. THEORIES AND MODELS OF READING DEVELOPMENT 33
IV. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL SPEECH-LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA 36
V. NEUROANATOMICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL DATA 39
VI. LANGUAGE AND READING DEVELOPMENT INEARLY FOCAL BRAIN INJURY 41
VII. CONCLUSION 44
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 3. Intelligence and the Brain 50
I. INTRODUCTION 50
II. HEAD INJURY 52
III. ANATOMY 54
IV. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE 57
V. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS 58
VI. IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 63
VII. GENETICS 66
VIII. CONCLUSIONS 67
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 69
REFERENCES 69
Chapter 4. The Neuropsychology of Sex-Related Differences in Brain and Specific Abilities 74
I. INTRODUCTION 74
II. PART I: A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF SEX-DIMORPHIC STUDIES OF SPECIFIC MENTAL ABILITIES 75
III. PART II: THE GENERAL TRAIT COVARIANCE-ANDROGEN/ESTROGEN MODEL 90
IV. NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF THE GTC-A/E MODEL 106
V. GENERAL DISCUSSION 116
REFERENCES 118
Section II: Information Processing and Memory 130
Chapter 5. Neuropsychological Models of Information Processing 132
I. SELECTED MODELS 133
II. IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 142
III. CONCLUDING REMARKS: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG MODELS 144
REFERENCES 145
Chapter 6. A Framework for Understanding Individual Differences in Memory 150
I. STRATEGIES 151
II. REPRESENTING KNOWLEDGE 153
III. KNOWLEDGE AND STRATEGY INTERACTIONS 154
IV. A RETURN TO METAPHORS 160
REFERENCES 161
Section III: Personality 164
Chapter 7. Personality Biological Foundations 166
I. INTRODUCTION 166
II. METHODOLOGY AND PROBLEMATICS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 173
III. THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EXTRAVERSION-INTROVERSION 180
IV. NEUROTICISM AND PSYCHOTICISM 199
V. THE DRUG POSTULATE 205
VI. CONCLUSIONS 213
REFERENCES 214
Chapter 8. Cognitive Heterogeneity in Psychopathology 224
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM 224
II. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM 234
III. CONCLUSIONS BASED ON HETEROGENEITY STUDIES 243
IV. CURRENT STATUS OF THE PROBLEM AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 243
REFERENCES 245
Chapter 9. Neuropsychology of Temperament 250
I. INTRODUCTION 250
II. THE NATURE OF TEMPERAMENT 251
III. NEUROLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TEMPERAMENT 254
IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 267
REFERENCES 269
Author Index 272
Subject Index 284