African Traditional Medicine: Autonomy and Informed Consent (eBook)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: INFORMED CONSENT IN A COMMUNAL CULTURE.- 1.1. Dominant Cultural Perspectives of Informed Consent.- 1.2. Informed Consent in a Communal Culture.- 1.3. Focusing On ATM.- 1.4. Scope of the Study.- 1.5. Focusing on Ethics of Care.- 1.6. Focusing on Ethics Committee.- 2. CHAPTER TWO- HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE WESTERN BIOETHICS APPROACH TO AUTONOMY.- 2.1. History and Origin of Informed Consent.- 2.1.1. Legal Origin.- 2.1.2. Bioethical Origin.- 2.1.3. Reaction against Paternalism.- 2.2. Autonomy and Informed Consent.- 2.2.1. Meaning of Autonomy.-  2.2.2. Informed Consent and the Principle of Respect for Autonomy.- 2.2.3. Autonomy and Trust.- 2.3. The Concept of Person and Autonomy.- 2.3.1. Individual Independence.- 2.3.2. Reason as Opposed to Emotion.- 2.3.3. Individual Patient Rights.- 2.3.4. Individual Autonomy.- 2.3.5. Subjective Conception of the Good.- 2.4. Summary.- 3. CHAPTER THREE- SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ETHICS OF CARE.- 3.1. The History and Origin of Ethics of Care.- 3.1.1. Feminist Movement and Some Male Voices.- 3.1.2. Ethics of Care and Alternative Feminist Moral Theories.- 3.2.  The Meaning of Ethics of Care.- 3.2.1. Care as Labor.- 3.2.2. Care as Practice and Value.- 3.2.3. Caring Relations.- 3.2.4. Care as Justice.- 3.2.5. Criticism of Ethics of Care.- 3.3.  The Concept of Person and Autonomy.- 3.3.1. Relational Being, Family, and the Patient.- 3.3.1.1. Ethics of Care Critique of the Social Contract Theories.- 3.3.1.2. The Social Contract Theories.- 3.3.1.3. The Critique.- 3.3.2. The Ethics of Care Concept of Dependency and Interdependency of Persons and Human Existence.- 3.3.3. The Ethics of Care Concept of Relational Autonomy in Informed Consent (RAIC).- 3.3.4. Emotion as Essential Part of Human Nature in Moral Decision-Making.- 3.3.5. The Ethics of Care Concept of Individual Patient Rights.- 3.4.  Summary.- 4. CHAPTER FOUR- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATM WITH ETHICS OF CARE.- 4.1. An Overview of ATM.- 4.1.1. Meaning and History and Interesting Developments in ATM.- 4.1.1.1. Meaning and History of ATM.- 4.1.1.2. Interesting Developments in ATM.- 4.1.2. ATM and African Traditional Religion (ATR).- 4.1.2.1. African Traditional Religion (ATR).- 4.1.2.2. Community in Understanding ATM & ATR.- 4.1.3. ATM Doctors: Types, Vocation and Training.- 4.1.3.1. Diviners.- 4.1.3.2. Herbalists.- 4.1.3.3. Traditional birth attendants (TBA).- 4.1.3.4. Priests Healers.- 4.1.3.5. Traditional Surgeons.- 4.1.4. Health and Illness: the Need to Seek Healing.- 4.1.4.1. Concept of Health & Illness.- 4.1.4.2. The Need to Seek Healing.- 4.1.5. Decision-Making in Traditional African Societies.- 4.1.5.1. Decision-making among the Akan.- 4.1.5.2. Decision-making among the Hausa-Fulani.- 4.1.5.3. Decision-making among the Igbo.- 4.1.5.4. Decision-making among the Yoruba.- 4.1.5.5. Decision-Making and Women.- 4.2. The Concept of Person and Autonomy: ATM and Ethics of Care Contrasted.- 4.2.1. Relational Being: Individual (Patient) Versus Community.-  4.2.2. The African Concept of Dependency and Interdependency of Person and Human Existence.- 4.2.3. The African Concept of Relational Autonomy in Informed Consent (RAIC).- 4.2.4. Support for the Objective Concept of the (Common) Good.- 4.2.5. The African Concept of Individual Patient Rights.- 4.3. Summary.- 5. CHAPTER FIVE- APPLIED ANALYSIS OF ATM’S RAIC TO HEALTHCARE ETHICS COMMITTEES IN AFRICA.- 5.1. General Description of Healthcare Ethics Committees.- 5.2. Situation of Healthcare Ethics Committees in Africa.- 5.2.1. A Brief History of Ethics Committees in Africa.- 5.2.2. Healthcare Ethics Committees in Hospitals.- 5.2.3. Healthcare Ethics Committees in ATM.- 5.2.4. The Type of HEC Suitable for ATM.- 5.2.4.1. Being Organizationally Integrated.- 5.2.4.2. Being Proactive and Using Preventive Ethics.- 5.2.4.3. Ethical Leadership.- 5.2.4.4. Being Accountable.- 5.3. The Implications of Applying RAIC to Healthcare Ethics Committees in Africa on Decision-Making Process for Informed Consent of the Patient.- 5.3.1. Integration of Elements of Traditional Decision-Making Methods into Healthcare Ethics Committees.- 5.3.2. A Flexible Understanding of Confidentiality.- 5.3.3. A Nuanced Understanding of Advance Directive.- 5.3.4. Emphasis on Solidarity.- 5.4. Summary.- 6. CHAPTER SIX- CONCLUSION.- 6.1. Grand Summary.-  6.2. Contribution of the Book.- 6.3. RAIC and Global Bioethics.- BIBLIOGRAPHY.